Add x-y adjustment section
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@ -193,3 +193,36 @@ At indicated f/5.6 there is already more than enough depth of field for a bipack
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Also it is unnecessary to refocus when adding the second film.
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Also it is unnecessary to refocus when adding the second film.
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Likewise when a single film is reversed emulsion to base.
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Likewise when a single film is reversed emulsion to base.
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At larger apertures and at larger magnifications depth of field is less.
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At larger apertures and at larger magnifications depth of field is less.
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## BOLEX PRISM
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It isn't a worry.
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There isn't a distinction between RX lenses and non-RX lenses for most any lens which will be used on a bellows for optical printing.
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## BOLEX GROUNDGLASS
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Only for the best optical printer lenses, which will be used at apertures larger than f/4, does the Bolex groundglass need to be reset from its everyday position.
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## DEFOCUS
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To throw an image out of focus without changing its size, if printing at 1:1, move the camera a distance and the lens 1/2 this distance, in the same direction.
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## X-Y ADJUSTMENT
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Besides its to and fro movement the lens has lateral movements.
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These adjust the position of the original frame's image on the print frame.
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For example, if the lens is raised a bit...
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**![Graphic depicting a lens' central position between two frames demonstrating a rise adjusting framing](#)**
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At 1:1 moving the lens up a distance d raises the viewed field by twice d.
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Likewise for down, right, and left.
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At `M > 1` lateral adjustment effects a scan of the original frame.
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This is not geometrically equivalent to a pan, bad it been made in the original photography.
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On simple optical printers the only lateral adjustment is of the lens (rather than the heavier camera or gate).
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This is geometrically adequate.
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But the J-K adjustments are even too flimsy for a lens.
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It helps, after they are set, to gently tap the lens, so it finds a stable position, and then to readjust if necessary, etc., etc.
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