1909 lines
57 KiB
Plaintext
1909 lines
57 KiB
Plaintext
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NOTES ON OPTICAL PRIN1ER TECHNII:IUE
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MaRnl flc4tlou
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B]6rup. & Rod uo tloD
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Blouup gharPlcs 6
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Prl!ter LgDscE
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Optlcel Zooo
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LoDe Apc rturâ¬
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Focusln6
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Focuâ¬lug Apcrturc
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Focuslq8 Prgc l8lou
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Focu61n6 Ta rgâ¬t
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Dâ¬pth ol Flcld
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B616x Prl sE
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Bol.x GroundSLas 6
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Dâ¬fg cu!
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x-Y Ad JuEtEeDt
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ExAct I :1
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t 10 frEEc
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F raac I1n6I
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buIBloD Po E 1t10!
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Tlue
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Fancy Frâ¬6zc
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FaEcy g lot{
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Dl ffqs c 16
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LJV F llter
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IR F lltor
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Orec! Fllter
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Flltcr Lo cat loD
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Expo6urc
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Erpoeur. Ad JUE t6 rg
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Spcclfylng ExPosurt
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F1ln Spâ¬cd
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Rlght Expo Eure
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oc!cratloDB
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Bolfors Follula
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Fad cE
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Log F4dr
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Bolex varlablc gbuttsr
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Llnear Fadc
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Other FadaE
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1E
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I
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2
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2ttt
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4
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4
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4
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4
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4
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5
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7II
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9
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9
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'tt
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lltl
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1ttt
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r4
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r4
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14
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't4
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Fadrs
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Chart
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o r.1g 1DeI
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[.utral DCnslty qDd
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Eqqlvslcrt ghut tlr
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AnBlq
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14
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15
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IDaBa gup.rpo 81t1on
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oaooa i Blpsck
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IEcld rntally
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Expggurc C gops! 6at 10n
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speclal 0 r1g1lal !
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Tox turlDg
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!{ultl-Erposurc
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Mul. tl- Pa c k
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NEtural gupgrpo e 1tlotr
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F Is Eh 1!6
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Contra6t Ad Ju6tE6Dt
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Color IEa6⬠SuPrrPoEltlon
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we16bt6d Doubl,c D(PoBur.8
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016 !oLvc!
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Ettocts DIEEoLvc6
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Fad.s froD NcgetlY e
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Cofor Erpo sura
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T c6t1ng
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CC Pack Rea uctl on
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Hlgh Co!trsgt Prl nt I
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HlcoD ExposuFs
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coutra8t BullillEg gtâ¬pE
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HlcoE Spccklc
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Tonc I6o1at1on
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Loglc of l,ta6E Coobln6tl oD
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Ioaga gprcEd ald BlooE
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Xalk and CouDtgrt4ll
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RrYrrsal,/NaBatlYa Fl!t1DE
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Fâ¬atbcred I'laol 6
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Ioegc l{arrla8â¬
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l{aEk Blackn 6 o6
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HleoDE froo Color Orl81qal!
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HlcoD ?r'oceEelng
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oDtlcal PrlDted Rrlca6c PrlDt s
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Ritual rDd Art
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18
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6
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6
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6I
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I
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9
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9
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r9
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21
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2l
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21
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22
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25
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26
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26
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26
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27
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27
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28
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28
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29
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to
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10lo,l
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t1
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revlsec
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NOTES ON OPIICAL PRINTER TECHNIQUE
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DE{NIS COUZIN
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Merch 198,
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An optlc6l prlnter 1B a devlce for photoEraphlng the fralteE
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of one flfd so ss to Eeke enother flLE.
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II
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It consl6ta e6seDtlall.y of e caEera (C) coDnected by a
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bâ¬llovs (B) to a lenE (L) E,1Eed et a fl]E 1D a gete (O) lllw1nated
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froE behlnd by a laEp (I).
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fhe ceEer4 aDd gate each haye Eotorlzed lnterElttant f11E
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Eoveoents so tbet any fraE⬠of th⬠rrorlglnal'r fllE ca! be
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convenlentl.y pboto6rsphâ¬d oEto any fraEe of the rprlnt" fl18,
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the caEera caE be a,! ordlDary clne caoâ¬re, 19s6 lts lâ¬Ds,
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aEd tbe gate can be a.n ordlDary clDe prcJoctor, L.8B 1t8 1e!6.
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fdeally they beve 1dentlcs1 Eystâ¬Es of fllE râ¬glBtratlo!, aB Lf
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oqg eerlg the lens' IE8,Bo of th⬠oth.r.
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Ibe lcns c8u bc any
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belLoHs Eountable lens. Ideslly 1t 18 8pcc1e1ly coproctcd for
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the Boa1l end lear1y oqual 812e6 of th18 obJect aud loage.
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Tbe caEere aDd thc lols ca! Ellde lDdepeEdeDtly to End f!'o
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tb⬠flln BEte. thle adjuEts tb⬠EagnlflcBtlon aDd th⬠focu! of
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tbo pbot ography.
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II{AONIFICATION If th⬠lene 16 (loElnatlt) Eldray bâ¬tHâ¬oa tb. fllEs
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rhe! oD⬠la fgculad on tb. otblr, thca tbr Ea8ulflcatloD
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1s l.
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At lLl (ateo caLl.d l:t) thr rbolt ol tbc orlglDal
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frale 1s pbotoS!'aphod at a 612. lrblch t111! tbG rholc
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of th⬠p.lDt frâ¬Ec.
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x=l
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Il tba
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cltl! 0 ra
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to kâ¬â¬p
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lcnB 1! Eoved
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Eurt ba Eovad
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tbe oDc llLB
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clo ser tg tbe
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back, ?antbâ¬r
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focu6ed oD the
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g4te, tbcD th.
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ftlE th6 Satc'
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othcr, Tb.! thc
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Copyrlght @tgg: uy Dennle couzlD
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2
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larulflcatlou 1! 8!:att,ar tbaD l.
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orirfnaf triEo ll PbologrrPb.d lt
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vbofq ol th. prlDt trur.
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It
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>l a part ol tb.
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a !1zr tblcb flll.
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thr
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H=5
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Et/r
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BLOIIJP & RIDUCIIOI
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Il, ltartllg troB th. l;t !
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tertblr tIlE th. EBtr' tb.D
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Eovcd bacl, frrtbar lrroE tb
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foculcd o! tba othcr. Thou
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tbau l. lt t{<t tbt rbolc
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obotoRraDhcd at a llza rbl ob
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ii-ii3-"iiii i..t". rb! tualad.r ot th' DrlDt trsoo
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ii iiirli'iiti-"
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piotoit"pu of tba sat'-rr lt lurrouDd!
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tb. ort6lurl lrsDG (ld.ally P.rftctl:/ bracrr'
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For .acb poattloa ot tb. 1cD! thrFc 1! 'ractly.oD'
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'"ii.ili-t io"""id ) porrtroa for t'bc cglGra' But for
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lili-ii.iiron of'tic oarrra (.tc.pt t'b' 1:l potltlon)
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tuirr'a.c tYo oorn ct polltlols for t!' L'!!'
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(JD'
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g1r.! X>1, th. oth.P ll<1.
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tb. DrtDt.r Bat. llt hold
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tbc pFlDtcF
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il".ii-i6i".-o" vtoi vur
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2 "tup ra
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dfr-iiriGii inio u P4o
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' rhol'
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;Ar- i;il.;- iitu ra x=i
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I 5!! or161E'1
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iiii.'iiii"toit
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pr,.a oit
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' .ooaY'rlloD
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iltri.i-.irv
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tr6 rirr gaugG! 1! polllblt tbl' ray'
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orcvldril tlr frurl
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baYt tb' 't!t proportloDr' l!
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6il, - *P.. 8lr, t 6ru, rnd 'o!' '5ll 'lo'
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l t6EE Dlctur. of r ffoa
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r 16lo ploturc of rD alaP
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of aa 8on Dlotura ceDDot-
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or a 16ll Dlctur. of a t6
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fro! t!188a ln hrvlDg valt
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blomD, aY.D lf lt Prtlarv'
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oi tli-gE! ortElual' lpr'ail
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i; i;;; "b";-;uioiut'riv tbr! t'h' orlslurl '
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BLOIUP SEllPNEgS
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PRIXTB LEISES
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oPrrcaL zoox
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Uudrr atlrlE. lagDlfloatloD -- a Etot'olcoDt-objtotlvc
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i6rio ur iuc prtitcr 1.D! -- plctorlal datau 1!-tlltlu!.
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i"a ttc uuarrivlDB Dalurel tb1n8' th. .!ulllo!'
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1! rll
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iflit couta bo ;boaogrtpb.d lbtFply. But. thr--8rrlD! ar!
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ioo ruaff to bl lhat?lt 1!e8.il rltb ll8bt'
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Hc.r' cv'D
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iii niiurtr tblo6 h8; bccn pbo lo6rrpblcallt 'rbrult'd'
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l5!! rld Projlctrd r1l'l
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8!E orlglnal oPtlctllY
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cd. lf th. bloruP optlc!
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D tJl. t:l prlDtlDg 1! bt
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,5t!.
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(lhl! l! rU dur
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oci trlcc r! .b.rrp rDd
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raac. )
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1! la!! rcll-corractcd
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A vGrv Bhsr? chQap pDlDtor lcD! 18 t'bc csnoD l{rct'ophoto
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55oE i/2.8.
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OaoEctltosllY thl! zooD o'tr
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ii- liin-"io.- ro tbc orlSlnal
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b. al."lEt. bt tr|c:lDg nos
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b. lilcDtlorl to r zooa bad
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DbotoRtrDbt. It orn aJ' tO
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tb tlo-oritir ol tb. tru''
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Plqtorlellt tb' toor 8o!! Fr?gl-:yrln8 t'hrt' lt rat
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;;a-i;e- ii tac ort6tnrl PhotosrrPDv'
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looD! '
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lb. r'!tt rDd cout!' ot toorlDS' 1!-r frctoF of !tyl''
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.i- ri-r" tn odElarl clD'!'to8r'pbt'
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4
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FocuslloPrlDtâ¬r'ocutlDFDFocc.lurol!dt''.I'!qtrt-dlf'.!cDtllgnl'lcrtloa
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It t:l tbc c!'u.ia; not tbr lon!' l'' lovad.to! foculln8' ODU/
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ii risnrrf crtloD!'6r''rt'r tbrD rbout l'4 1' lt b'ttcr to nov'
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tha lasr ! for focu!1D8'
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I.ar gb. ltt ..tup 1'a! lotlon hr! Do-foculllg atf'ct'- Iltb
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iil- "-"o. flrri-in-ili i: l Porltton -1-m! notlou rdlult!
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iiitiniitr"" ultiiti-tt"'it' i='i6 aua x=l 'o4 (at r/5'6)'
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FocoErNo rp8luRr fti"r".ll.'ll ll: U;1":':i:i!.'{'31'[r]"1i3,i.'li:i:.. -,-,
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r.os""-Iit-;"il-lia
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- t'lio iblft-focus bv s 9rr-rltabllrbrd
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o r "t'to "i'ii io-ii itirne' rlr" n tutl6e- tectori 1' fornd ls
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tll! i! 8tr '
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FocUsI.BgPRECISIoNElp6c1allytacD'ocu!1n6lt,oPpattdom'foculDrDy
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t'rt" "'iiiiuG i- zc i -eaa ict ei'avcnEsc Polltlon'
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FoCU8INGI^RoEfUEcrbatavgrta!8a!13'ouDdo46l.}ttofocu.oE'
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oo" c"utioii iu.-c'iiaet-il"t' !' 1! latg't drpcDdrDt'
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vttv nol-iitJlition-tart'cts Dat - Pcqulr⬠itlftcr'! t
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r"al" rtititt-ilan coargir tatB't! do'
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DEPIH oF rIELD lt lDdlcatcil t/5'6
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dcPtb of flrld for
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!o rtlo cu! YhcB add
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a llu8lc ?118 1r Po
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ePorturcr altl at 1a
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l! laEa'
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rcr!.v, th.re lsn't a dlrtlEctloE b'tY!3D- RX
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ili^-iri rlr-t-"i ror noat alv 1'Dt rbloh 1111 bâ¬
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b.Uor! for oDtloaf PrllllDB'
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BoLExoRoUNmL^gsoDl'lortbcbc8t,opilcalPrlDg.rl.!!.!'Ibloh1111
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E'IJEA rr.rJulrlr'rr'ru
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;{i*ir:i,;::ii'inli-iioe'i tr*"{tl 3?3itH;;::iit*.
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DIFocuB ro tbtos "+ F:8t out ol focua rlthout. ohaDglDE tl3 ilii'itlot.
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iirottuc lt ltt' !ov' t'hr cettra 4 'llltlDoc
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6i;i;;:'
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ln th' 'a!' dlrtctloD'
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x-Y IDJUSTXEN! Bcrt'l'! lt! to 'D'l fro loY'E'Dt t'br 1'D! ba8 lrt'r3l
|
|||
|
|
.ottttot"l'
|
|||
|
|
iitlt--tifitt'
|
|||
|
|
t'u9 polltloD of tlr oPlslDal
|
|||
|
|
rr.'c'r rirei'ii-til'p-iiti-i"fu' ' Por 'tq'pl" 1l tbc
|
|||
|
|
laD! t! rslltd r blt"'
|
|||
|
|
BOLIX PRISI{ It T!A.t A
|
|||
|
|
lan6!a aud
|
|||
|
|
u6rd on a
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
glCT l:l
|
|||
|
|
IIXFRAI{E
|
|||
|
|
5
|
|||
|
|
It l:l lovlDg tb! 1!!! up â¬, dlltlDo. d !et.c! thc yl|rlat
|
|||
|
|
flald bt trlce d. Ltt.yt!. to! dom, rlgbt, a;d l.tt,. -
|
|||
|
|
.lt X> I lat,oral tdJuat!.Dt cflcct. a roaD ot tbG orlgtDal
|
|||
|
|
-tolo?: - Ihl! 1! Dot gco!.trlcrlly .quly!,l.Dt to r pa!,
|
|||
|
|
bad lt b.c! rad⬠lD tb. orlgtlsl pbdtognrDht
|
|||
|
|
OD !rhpl. optlos,I prlDtatr! thr ouly latarel edlu!tEaDt
|
|||
|
|
1l o! tbc l.as (ratbar thaD th! h.avlcr ctE.pe-or Eetâ¬).
|
|||
|
|
Thls 1! gco!ctrlcellJr rdaquata
|
|||
|
|
But tbc J-tr adjuatllDt! lr⬠!v.D loo tltoly for e lrD!.
|
|||
|
|
M?fp!,
|
|||
|
|
art.r- tbcy 8t! sat, !o gâ¬ntlt ta! tbc lcna, eo
|
|||
|
|
lt fbd6 a ltablr polltloE, ald thr! t6 râ¬adjult 1l
|
|||
|
|
Darc!ltEry, rtc., atc,
|
|||
|
|
fho Lataral EoyeEoata ot tbc lans, tba to-frg rovorcnta of
|
|||
|
|
tba l!u-B aDd crErne, and a, tUtlng of tbc c4oora (1! ncccearry)
|
|||
|
|
sllor thc optlcsl prLnter to bc tat tor cract t;t rcprroductloi,
|
|||
|
|
fhoD_ tb⬠grlltrd lDe,go lE tbc !s!c !1zo 8Dd lD !b. ls,!! pollttoD
|
|||
|
|
a⬠tha orl8lDEl 1Eag6, ff tb⬠prlnten facEs a tllt
|
|||
|
|
adJultDrDt
|
|||
|
|
tbe oeEgra Esy bo rhlEEad.
|
|||
|
|
ll Eprclal ftralr Ir Dadc to guldo thc .rrct llt lrtup. To Etta
|
|||
|
|
4D nalDf.aEcn uBc tbo optlcil prlDlor carcr8 ( tbougl aot
|
|||
|
|
D.caBlrnllJr rltb thc optlcal prlntrr t.u!) to pboto8repb e
|
|||
|
|
tergct rhlcb 1r Epeclally dPar! to coDtrl! d.trl:,s arEctl.t'
|
|||
|
|
colDcld1D6, eE !â¬r! tbrougb th6 clDola .lrcplcoo, yitb atctill!
|
|||
|
|
perEanlDtly o! tha BrouDdgLrB!. lbc pbotograDb tadr rbl1c tbc
|
|||
|
|
colDcltlelca 1E scaq 1! tjrr 8lEfruc.
|
|||
|
|
DvorTr Brouadgla6a has !o[G parEaneDt dctall!, rvlD It oqty 1t!
|
|||
|
|
tlar8. lbr llold .dg. 1! a poo!: cholcr ot datall lf tbc rclt
|
|||
|
|
lE thlck or lf th! cyaplrcc 18 abcrntcd rt, tbr .dgc. tro
|
|||
|
|
pollt! of dotall ara clough toF a rcll-rllgD.d DrlEtlF, tbr!.
|
|||
|
|
polnt! for e luspact oDc.
|
|||
|
|
I rgtlcl,o Dado on blgb Fsolutlo! fllE lat be attacbrd to thG
|
|||
|
|
grouDdBI4EE to edd dctBlls. 6Da11 patt.rTs of coDcautrlc cltcl.!
|
|||
|
|
eld othsr pettâ¬t!! vhlch lrlf-Eolr6 ars ldeal. lllo ths afutraae
|
|||
|
|
ceD b⬠B D.gatl,vo o? the tlne-pattotred rctlctâ¬.
|
|||
|
|
For axact l:l râ¬tupr tb⬠alEfraEr f1lo 16 nc8lstarcd 1! tbâ¬
|
|||
|
|
prlltor gstc rDd tba prlDtâ¬r caElra aDd J,cD! adjultad to
|
|||
|
|
rcblsva tbet laEa colEcldâ¬lcr of dctalls, a! secn tbtough
|
|||
|
|
thr cy.placa. Focu3lDg Eu6t bc coDplctcd bsfo!.. tbc floel
|
|||
|
|
adJuEtErDt to tbg alElraEc. It 1s coDyanlaDt to lncor?orate
|
|||
|
|
a tocuelDE talEct ln tbo r1-olr4Ee.
|
|||
|
|
lhe alDf!.aE6 ha6 valldlty oDly lor tbo caDâ¬.e tn vhtch tt y4E
|
|||
|
|
Eads. It doss not depcnd oD the sccurBcy ot tbc c4Eerarg
|
|||
|
|
pâ¬tlex vlcrlD8 syst6E, only tbe stablllt,y ot tbe systcE.
|
|||
|
|
Hhelever thors ,.s doubt rbout tb. yalldr.ty of tbe alElraoe,
|
|||
|
|
6ucb aE sltcr a caDg.a t'cpalr or becausc of rgsr to tho 111E,
|
|||
|
|
the old rlEfra.tle can ba rcglstcr6d lD ihe prlntrr gttc, alaâ¬d
|
|||
|
|
on, .Bnd photogt'aphâ¬d tg Eatc a DcalJr yal.ld alElraEc.
|
|||
|
|
For rotoscdplDE rlth prlEltlv⬠contrapllouB, aD alDfraEe Eay
|
|||
|
|
bo proJcctcd ald drarD. Thl! dt3rlag lE latâ¬r u8c/d to slE
|
|||
|
|
th⬠csDera (vhoso alEfrEls lt ra!) rhcn pholographlng the
|
|||
|
|
rotoEcopod d rsrln8!.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
6
|
|||
|
|
Tbe l:l accurBct ot opilcal prlutlDg rltb tl[treEe retups 1r
|
|||
|
|
iiiriii
|
|||
|
|
ui-a: tie preilrtou tD tbs Daklus aDd t'beD lD tbr u!6
|
|||
|
|
of tho alDfrs â¬'
|
|||
|
|
2' tbe preclrlou lD !b6 lllE rgglBtratlgD E6cbaEt'aEE
|
|||
|
|
ot cBEcra ald gstc '
|
|||
|
|
:. oD1i ff tb⬠tY6 qecbaDlsEE aI.⬠dlttat'ontr tb!
|
|||
|
|
pi-"iliioo iD the fllE dtEoDElons ( prrtoratloD
|
|||
|
|
rnd sllttlDg) '
|
|||
|
|
Prlnt'ors '
|
|||
|
|
up.
|
|||
|
|
th⬠aaEetr4l!e Esthod does Pot eoqpoDeate lor pt'oc6eBlDg shrlDLaSâ¬'
|
|||
|
|
FR$ItrLIXE8 It lha cqE'ra r'blob Ee'lâ¬
|
|||
|
|
Eucb blgbor or I'orâ¬r tbB
|
|||
|
|
tbc vâ¬rilcal ad Ju6tEeDt
|
|||
|
|
alEfraEo sâ¬tuP' to co@Pc
|
|||
|
|
ellt havc a YlrY tblck'
|
|||
|
|
rrara6!d '
|
|||
|
|
tb. fraDâ¬:'1Dcr ot tbs or18lDa1 oan.eltavs bo 't!'sllat'd
|
|||
|
|
GroEtbco"i;;l;]Iit,iiit'uine6otlloailou6llgbtlyEt|latcr
|
|||
|
|
tha! l''
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
7
|
|||
|
|
EfULgION PoEIIION
|
|||
|
|
A prlorl, r
|
|||
|
|
ll8bt rry8.
|
|||
|
|
X_otlca
|
|||
|
|
oD tbc
|
|||
|
|
Iotlcr
|
|||
|
|
toclDg
|
|||
|
|
rl Bbt
|
|||
|
|
lFl
|
|||
|
|
H
|
|||
|
|
H
|
|||
|
|
H
|
|||
|
|
ll1D ol aD rlphsbct couLd ba aly oa thcla
|
|||
|
|
fVe
|
|||
|
|
D posMoD! arc ll.tohad tgflD'
|
|||
|
|
trclEg tn rborD dott.d.
|
|||
|
|
coITlCl PRIrI FRo}{
|
|||
|
|
ctt{Ifi,l oRrorrAl
|
|||
|
|
o-
|
|||
|
|
G
|
|||
|
|
o-
|
|||
|
|
F
|
|||
|
|
rtb
|
|||
|
|
lacb lkâ¬tch shorE aDulElop tac1!8 out. FoF doublo
|
|||
|
|
Dcrt flh tbara are oDlt four lay!. th. a rDd b rat!
|
|||
|
|
bgcone tbc teE e.
|
|||
|
|
CaEora orlgluet 1! IIIq.
|
|||
|
|
A coDtact prbt frâ¬E ca.Eora oplglD4l 1! Ib.
|
|||
|
|
I coutact DrlDt tFoE a coEt8ct Prtlt froE oalot.a
|
|||
|
|
orlgLual l! IIIa a6e1!. Etc.
|
|||
|
|
Itl tba otbcrs aFc !hae! -- .lth.F optlc!,l ptlutlug
|
|||
|
|
crFon! or eI!c tllD! ol alphabat! loElbor Davarard.
|
|||
|
|
ClvaD a doublc p.rforaicd I' lI' III' or Mt
|
|||
|
|
1s ailt
|
|||
|
|
to Eake a doubl. pcrforatad opt,losl prlDt rblob ls
|
|||
|
|
ary of th6 tour.
|
|||
|
|
olagla poffatratlil t1I!8 rrc a DrlD ln t'ha !ldc.
|
|||
|
|
OIYQD,
|
|||
|
|
for crarpl., IlIa, 1t le polllblc rllb a ulud optlca,l
|
|||
|
|
prlutcr to !aI! .lthct lb. lI!' lIIr'
|
|||
|
|
oF IVr, but DoEc
|
|||
|
|
of tbo otbar four, tbala could br lrdG vlr a doubl!
|
|||
|
|
prrforatcd lltt.Iradlata'
|
|||
|
|
Ilt'b a pPld or othrP 1!!â¬.
|
|||
|
|
rotetop, or r .pcolal rovoFlcd 8rta, lt 1! posllblc
|
|||
|
|
to convort 8uy ot tlc al8bt rats to rly of tbc algbt layg
|
|||
|
|
ttgurllg out hor to alo tba.a 1! a Sood cr.rclse for
|
|||
|
|
tb. ltualsDt.
|
|||
|
|
Th. t
|
|||
|
|
tb1.
|
|||
|
|
l"r-
|
|||
|
|
lEl-
|
|||
|
|
lP-
|
|||
|
|
that rban Dt3trp.8 irtsal ttglti
|
|||
|
|
!1n81'a Parf! .la
|
|||
|
|
loft, aDd lbrfotr: -11 rbot..
|
|||
|
|
thrt c4!â¬!:. orlRlDd !ard. t{aht rlth 4lrllloD
|
|||
|
|
lr.v.
|
|||
|
|
CoDtrot FrlDt, of oaEtra orl8lDrl r.aq'
|
|||
|
|
rlth- rlullloD fr-clDE toretrit gha vlar.r.
|
|||
|
|
Ifr
|
|||
|
|
l
|
|||
|
|
"l_
|
|||
|
|
tvb
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
r IXE
|
|||
|
|
FANC T
|
|||
|
|
F,U|C r
|
|||
|
|
DIIFUSIRA
|
|||
|
|
I
|
|||
|
|
tsc.pt yh.! optlcal pDlltlD8 1! do!. lD alllrlca vlth
|
|||
|
|
ooDtact pnLDtlDS, lt ls ulurl, to lrlDtat! a!u:,!loD
|
|||
|
|
porltloD !b raugb slI optloal prllt,tD8 !t!ps. Et3ltbr
|
|||
|
|
rltb calcra orlglarl .rob Bon.ratlon 1! agalu IIIa. -
|
|||
|
|
lor tbl! tb.ra 18 e llrplr rulc.
|
|||
|
|
To trprcduca tba aEulEloD po.ltlo! ot th. or16turl,
|
|||
|
|
lDsrrt lt ln tba prlDt.r 6rtr rlth aaulrlou rrrt
|
|||
|
|
l!.o! lrEr, brad! up, ruDDlDB uprtr{.
|
|||
|
|
Optlcrl prutlDg ilbreugh thr br!!r tlor! Dot d.gradr
|
|||
|
|
L!a6⬠qusl lty.
|
|||
|
|
tb. optlcrl prlEtcr cr! rl,!o Islt.t. tbr coDtsot p!:lui!!,
|
|||
|
|
lf th! orlglu.I 1! lD6cnt.d lu tba prlDtar gst. rlth
|
|||
|
|
aEulaloq touar{ tha 1rE!.
|
|||
|
|
Thc optlce] prlDtar Blvas 4s absolutc ooDtFol oylr lbe (Ior or fr,t!
|
|||
|
|
ot tlDa e! th. godB could hEvc. But lt,rr Jurt a royla.
|
|||
|
|
loturlly, tro lhlt.ttoD!
|
|||
|
|
o! optlc4l prlD!.r'thr
|
|||
|
|
rsElpulatlon rrc
|
|||
|
|
thq BrelDy 6r.ouad ot lllr plcturas aDd tbc Eepr 24 trsEr! plr saeord,
|
|||
|
|
sr aboE by tbrsa tro alaDplas.
|
|||
|
|
FRI.EE A sln8l. !ra! r ol tha orl8lDrl Drlnt.d repcatadlt 18 a
|
|||
|
|
trlozc fr8!c,
|
|||
|
|
UDfoptunatalJr tba ruaDlDg gralu pattalD
|
|||
|
|
of thc o!.lglnal fn9cz.! rltb tha plcturc. tba plctulr
|
|||
|
|
hBs 1o6t 1ts B!.ound. fbls caD bo avoldcd ll tblre erâ¬
|
|||
|
|
ot lrelt thrc6 frad!! rlthout rotloD lD tbc ollgtnal, bt
|
|||
|
|
allarlat.l,y prlutlDg eEoDg tho thnra.
|
|||
|
|
SLOV to lloy EotloE to 1/1 gpced (aa 1r rcqulrcd rbaD 01161!.1
|
|||
|
|
rhot rt lE3ps 1. to br lrdo lDto r 24!pa pFlDt) 1t 1! uruel
|
|||
|
|
to prlDt cv.ry thltd fraE. tr1cc. IECDEICHI... bccolr!
|
|||
|
|
^3CCDBFoHII.... . Tha lloro-friaz.r,
|
|||
|
|
JuEt iro tpr!.s loDg,
|
|||
|
|
coElB6 re.rt 1/6 tccoad, lre pcrcâ¬lvld tbrc ugb tbclr !htti!.
|
|||
|
|
Tbls oaD be eyoldcd by readorlzlD8 thr fp8!a! to b6 doubl.d
|
|||
|
|
rhllc stlll
|
|||
|
|
oboollD8 oua fr.!! trrE .ach tbrra ot the orlBlDal.
|
|||
|
|
For poorlJr alarlg!.d coadcllcr !y!t.!! r allffurlr rlll
|
|||
|
|
cvaD
|
|||
|
|
tbo lllullurtloa ov.r tba fr.!c.
|
|||
|
|
Othcr lhrD fo!. tbl!, dlffuE.p! aFc looatrtl llBctllrt.lt
|
|||
|
|
bcblDd tb. orlgllcl llh to rltar Llrga qurlltt lD rorarrl
|
|||
|
|
tetl:
|
|||
|
|
l. ri.lducc thc lpporra,Dc. ot lorstobcr oa thc tlh
|
|||
|
|
baaa;
|
|||
|
|
2. .oftlD tbr app.anDo! ol 6,!e18, rDd rlthout r.duobg
|
|||
|
|
ralolutlon prF aa, rlducc abrlTBa!!;
|
|||
|
|
). !.ctluoa tba appar.nt @Dtr3!t of &lf orlBlnaLs,
|
|||
|
|
.pDroxhatlng thc toDrlltt lD coDtrot Drlltl!6.
|
|||
|
|
Opal glaa!, l lora .rtreno dlffulrr lbaE 8roled8lllr' 1!
|
|||
|
|
Eor. attact,lv. ln aacb of tb. thrca rrt!.
|
|||
|
|
ln opel gtrlr or! r.auo. crpoluF! by 4 or .vc! lora rtoD!.
|
|||
|
|
lD rccldaDtrl, or for.iottcD opal glrls can davaalrt! l! oxpotuFal
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
t'll 'ILTB
|
|||
|
|
IR FILTB
|
|||
|
|
.l fllt.r
|
|||
|
|
Hblcb rbsorb! tbc ultravlollt,
|
|||
|
|
auoh l! UraltsD 28
|
|||
|
|
oF 2E LEprovc6 sbrt?Dcas rltb flEort q1l lc!!.s,
|
|||
|
|
ll!o, prlDtlEg ooloP llln onto color tlIE, or B&l lllD oDlo
|
|||
|
|
color lllE, tbrra 1! color r.aproductloa ady.utagr to ullDg
|
|||
|
|
r W f1lt'c r.
|
|||
|
|
goE. color rarstoot! hay! luch llltratloD butlt lD, loEr doDrt.
|
|||
|
|
Evsn prlEtln8 color fllE oDto B&X flb tbâ¬rc ls tolal etlvantrg.
|
|||
|
|
tourlngrIIvfllt6r.
|
|||
|
|
I tllt.r
|
|||
|
|
r.bloh ablorb! (or rrtlcct!) tba lafran.d lrlps Euch
|
|||
|
|
of tbc lltbt cD.ngy rblch rould bcat tb. orlBlDrl but Eot
|
|||
|
|
coDtrlbutc to tbr photogrepby' olf th. orlgluil.
|
|||
|
|
fbl. llltrr
|
|||
|
|
nutt b. locrtcd b.trc.! thc lup rDd th! orlSlDel.
|
|||
|
|
PrlatlDB fodachroEe orlglaal oDto color llLE' th.rc 1! ool'on
|
|||
|
|
r.produEtloD eilvut4Ec io uolng r lllicr
|
|||
|
|
rblch rttlcctE tbc
|
|||
|
|
tsr nod (pa!t 6?Ou!) and D.ar lntrar'atl. PrlDtlDg othar oolor:
|
|||
|
|
orlglnil! tbcr'6 18 color r.DroiluctloD d1ladvaDtrg. to usln8
|
|||
|
|
e tIltcr (!uoh.s BrDy bcit flltlrE)
|
|||
|
|
rhlcb r.lota tbc tar rrd.
|
|||
|
|
ORIEN rlt,tm.
|
|||
|
|
PrlltlE8 B&Y to B&t rltb r uo!-rpo cht'olatlc lctt!' I Srccn
|
|||
|
|
flttor
|
|||
|
|
c6'D tlprovr shar?uo8s.
|
|||
|
|
FMIR LOCITION fbc cpcctrel attcct of a tlltcr o! lbr pboto8rlphy l!
|
|||
|
|
tba.aEo r.hcrovcr lt 1! loortcd bctr.cn tb. lup tDd
|
|||
|
|
tbc ratltocl.
|
|||
|
|
Tbo optlceL atteot ot 4 llltcr c8D't ba
|
|||
|
|
6ood' !o lt ou8bt to bc locatcd oD t}a l1lullEatton lltla
|
|||
|
|
6f thc orlaturl rathor tbaD oD tha lDa8c-foroatloE sld..
|
|||
|
|
(tbara, flauE LD fllter!
|
|||
|
|
8ro hat!l'!!!.
|
|||
|
|
I color fllt.r
|
|||
|
|
rry cvâ¬u b! pcrloretcd to roducc lts atfcctlvr raturatloD. )
|
|||
|
|
t[POgltRE ID oDtlcal prlntlng r! lD orlglDql photography' tb. crpoaun. 18
|
|||
|
|
sdjultabl.,- a'ud e ueccerary coDsliloratloD. B'l t thcr. 18 s
|
|||
|
|
dlltf.r.Doa. tb! Erturial ac
|
|||
|
|
renBr' tttE the brlSbtolt
|
|||
|
|
ttflact'tour ) to th. d$Ia8
|
|||
|
|
ls lblt.d
|
|||
|
|
lD brlgbtuosE
|
|||
|
|
rad tb. lerllu! daurltt ol
|
|||
|
|
tl stoP reEgr for -lc colo!' raYlnlr1 flh!'
|
|||
|
|
but 9E1t rbout -
|
|||
|
|
6 !top! for a lagstlYa orlBlarl.
|
|||
|
|
tbr orpolure Drobf.[ 1u orlSl.ull pbotogFrlhy 1! to d'cltlc rtrt
|
|||
|
|
portloi of tba lllanlc brlShtna8. ralgc to orptur' oD tha l1l!'
|
|||
|
|
ibc crpoaurc pt'oblcn 1q opt,loel- D$utlug- 1! to dccld' hor to
|
|||
|
|
crpturi on tba prlDt fllE tb! rbolc of tb! oF16lDal 1!i6t rrD6''
|
|||
|
|
IXPOBITRI
|
|||
|
|
^DJUSTES
|
|||
|
|
SHUITB SPID I Yarlrblc .ttcod !oto!' or 8lrrln8 orD
|
|||
|
|
Elyc r ?.y !top! of adjuttltut.
|
|||
|
|
EFvlty 1. ll.rltod bt
|
|||
|
|
luartle.
|
|||
|
|
A llngla-fraEa lccballlE clDuot ba rrpcctad to
|
|||
|
|
coDDl.tr r cyclc lD l.!!
|
|||
|
|
tha.u about .! lccoDd. glor
|
|||
|
|
rulDln8 1! t&ILEltld, but cEullloD! Ellrtlpold to vart
|
|||
|
|
-
|
|||
|
|
loDB .rposura!, 1o!1!g ap..d rDd EalulDg ooDtnrlt.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
lo
|
|||
|
|
Iltb th. ysrleblc Ehutter thc ahuttcr !P!ad (tho tLE!
|
|||
|
|
tb. llght ltrtkc! r polDt lB the fralc) Day b. rdJultcd
|
|||
|
|
elthougb tbo prbtcr caEâ¬la ruDo 4t, JuEt oD⬠sprcd.
|
|||
|
|
Epo8uie caD bc adjulted oYaP lsveF4l .tops vlth tb.
|
|||
|
|
vailable ahuttor. Brerltt 16 llDltld bt the shuttcr
|
|||
|
|
Eâ¬cbaD1c6 r|hlch DuEt 81ve lqusl rvcD orlto.ur.B at tbc
|
|||
|
|
sE41lâ¬st lhutt.r aD81⬠s.
|
|||
|
|
To cut erDosur.g by I stop u8lEg tbo varlabl9 Ehuttar'
|
|||
|
|
hElvo the' Ebuttâ¬r- aDB1e. T! cut aDother ltop' halve
|
|||
|
|
1t agaln.
|
|||
|
|
Uslr1a th⬠vsrlable sbutt6r for gtposulc adJuaiEelt !Eka8
|
|||
|
|
italeJ for tados or dls6olres lDcoDvclleDt.
|
|||
|
|
LENS APERTURE Th18 1e a 8111t rey to adjust 6rpoBuF''
|
|||
|
|
cbanEhR IaDE spsrturo cbaDSâ¬8 plctuP⬠qharpEes!.
|
|||
|
|
Erceit ior llDe-crpoeun⬠adJultDeDts (tt stop) tbe
|
|||
|
|
lâ¬o8'18 bâ¬st lâ¬tt at ltE sharpeBt opeDllg'
|
|||
|
|
(Fgr exposure teBtlDS aDd otbrr dlrty lork' lcDg
|
|||
|
|
ip.rturi 1s a baDdy -xpoeurc adJu6tâ¬r.)
|
|||
|
|
LAXP VOLTACE lh16 le tb⬠cla6slcaf ray to adJuat
|
|||
|
|
iioorur" tor B&U prlDt1D8. But lt lDtroducss color
|
|||
|
|
cbancee. A160. Eodâ¬rD bafoScu laEps lo.⬠1lfo 4t
|
|||
|
|
pnolSoeed lol volte8â¬8. Volta8⬠adjurtDeDt 18 a
|
|||
|
|
iractl6al Eean⬠for llne rxposure adJustEent.
|
|||
|
|
DrcDDlER thc voltaBs lOl reducc6 th⬠ltght sbout l
|
|||
|
|
itoi'rlltc
|
|||
|
|
cbanglog th. color sbout cco5Y+cco2H.
|
|||
|
|
PoLIRIZERS lro polarlzers' one rotatablc' 18 a cutc
|
|||
|
|
r.ay to ad-lu6t cxpoeure. But EbGâ¬t polerlzrre 8ct
|
|||
|
|
loi aud bive sboit llvc6 lD tbc optlcal prlEter.
|
|||
|
|
oDlv ylpv rx99!slv! oDc! can EalltalD color aeutrElltt
|
|||
|
|
oili. e t6 etdp adJuatoent t'aDgc' aDd lt 1' aad to
|
|||
|
|
lry thee.
|
|||
|
|
ND FILTBS tbâ¬sc 6rcy flltcrs irt thc p!'f6rrcd
|
|||
|
|
vsy to edJult txpo 6una.
|
|||
|
|
.rO ol Ncutral Dâ¬Dllty oquelE oDe 6top'
|
|||
|
|
Naut!'a1 DoDsltt "aluos add e6 ftltcrs Br⬠6tsck'd'
|
|||
|
|
ii"i-i"
|
|||
|
|
tlp.io ilttcr * aD ND.20 llltcr + aD [D''0
|
|||
|
|
iiii..
|
|||
|
|
,o.t" lltc aD ND.60 flltcr'
|
|||
|
|
aatl th16 cutB
|
|||
|
|
tbc llght ? Etopr. ftc.
|
|||
|
|
.lo ot trcuit'sl llcDllty cqurl8 l/t t|"og'
|
|||
|
|
I clcar Elar! o!: tlh Eay bc u!6d as aD ND'0t5 ll1tcr
|
|||
|
|
tor tllrr
|
|||
|
|
arpoBuF! ed JultEcutl '
|
|||
|
|
LoD6, St3tlcat ND flltqr! allor contlDuou! axposun'
|
|||
|
|
ad J ustnaDt.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ND flltâ¬r8 of htghor valur bocoEe hot,tar aEd bavc
|
|||
|
|
lborter llvca. ID e pacl ol ND llltcr8, lorâ¬F vs,lu6!
|
|||
|
|
6hou1d Eo torad tbc taEp. PaEt ,60 lt Drtc8 llttlc
|
|||
|
|
d 1ffâ¬rcDcc.
|
|||
|
|
YrattcD #96 BelatlD ND llltcrs arc â¬rpen!lvo bocaus6
|
|||
|
|
ot tbelr optlcal quallty' uaDccallsry rbtr! tbey erc
|
|||
|
|
locatcd lu th⬠optloil PrlEt.r.
|
|||
|
|
L6G tbeatrlcal trllal". ll2o9 ' #zto' rDd #2tt a!! Sood
|
|||
|
|
lor ND.ro, ND.60, aDd ND'90 aDd coBt l,/tOo as lucb a!
|
|||
|
|
frattc! E.
|
|||
|
|
There Brr 8IEBB ND'6. botb ab6orptlvc
|
|||
|
|
of 8r!st pamaDâ¬Dcâ¬. 1160, drv.lopld
|
|||
|
|
halitous 6crcâ¬Da. atc. ca! bc u6â¬d B8
|
|||
|
|
8PE! IFYINO EICPOSURE lbe taly varlabl.E o! â¬xpolurr lDcludci
|
|||
|
|
FIIJ,( 9PIID
|
|||
|
|
aDd
|
|||
|
|
B&ti
|
|||
|
|
ND
|
|||
|
|
râ¬flcctlve,
|
|||
|
|
f11E s, flD6
|
|||
|
|
fl1te re .
|
|||
|
|
l. the typ⬠of orl8lEal tllE aDd lt! plctorlrl quelltlc
|
|||
|
|
z. tne tfte ol prl;t fl1r (rDd 1f a leb ltoct lt!
|
|||
|
|
batcb DuEbrr)
|
|||
|
|
,. la8tlltloatlon
|
|||
|
|
4. lcu. cpoPturo
|
|||
|
|
5, dtllluEar (lt arY)
|
|||
|
|
5. larp voltago
|
|||
|
|
7. lbuttcr auE]o
|
|||
|
|
8. uoD-nD flltratloD
|
|||
|
|
aE v.Il a! 9. xD allirr8
|
|||
|
|
l8l slal !..14t"d veluca rnc sprclrlltcd to or181D41-plcturr
|
|||
|
|
titfoi."a
|
|||
|
|
tra Dot qultc apPFoprllt! to optlcal prlEttr
|
|||
|
|
"""iitairorg.
|
|||
|
|
tts ialuca rr. btotlatlvc lor câ¬Eparllon
|
|||
|
|
i'i'iGiiii- ist cii. ror !a!v pllDtlug turs lsA rud rclst''l
|
|||
|
|
Yaluss ar⬠ulalatlDsbla.
|
|||
|
|
fbc optloel PPlDtcr r11l hava arpolur-c ltaDdard!-uDt'o ltltlt'
|
|||
|
|
ieiciiiucc bi taltlag. olcr lt 1! kDorD bor to b'!t crpolc
|
|||
|
|
;-;;;t G ori6inar oito r ccrt tD prrlt !lrr' 8909 "tirat'!
|
|||
|
|
l.i-u" ".a. 16r r1lllrr ortglE l! or rlDlfar prlEt llh!'
|
|||
|
|
RIcHTE)(Pogt,REtorkllElnrgvorâ¬althcrat!etcEptetloDtoIaDtthe
|
|||
|
|
opiicel prfnt to ostcb th⬠orl81Dal'. R681!t th16
|
|||
|
|
iitptatfi'af
|
|||
|
|
tou vEnt tb⬠optl'aL prlut tbat produco6
|
|||
|
|
the bâ¬Et rcl'aEe P rlnt '
|
|||
|
|
(Evâ¬n lf tbs optlcal prlnt Eust bâ¬-lntercut rltb th6
|
|||
|
|
i-rrgrnet, -iio i["i th6 tvo Eust produc⬠Datchlng tr]'6Eee
|
|||
|
|
prlnt, 1t, 6J""";i ioifot thEt tile tro Eu6t Eatcb' snd
|
|||
|
|
Lbey 6houldD't. )
|
|||
|
|
Stdrtlng tt'oE rever
|
|||
|
|
-
|
|||
|
|
optlcat Prlnt 13 t'Y
|
|||
|
|
-
|
|||
|
|
than th6 or181Da1'
|
|||
|
|
'
|
|||
|
|
Thd bâ¬st rever6al o
|
|||
|
|
And so on'
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
12
|
|||
|
|
Startlng fI.o& ne8et1v6 caEera
|
|||
|
|
prlnt has sooe dâ¬nslty ln the
|
|||
|
|
lntemâ¬gatlve 1E a little
|
|||
|
|
dar
|
|||
|
|
.A lurther lnterpo 61tlve rould
|
|||
|
|
OE{ER4TIONS
|
|||
|
|
OaEoas oultlply.
|
|||
|
|
For exaEple, a EaEla
|
|||
|
|
onlo gaErla 2 stock râ¬eeDbLeE a gE;Ea ,
|
|||
|
|
1.5 ort8lnaL Drlntâ¬d
|
|||
|
|
o rlElnal .
|
|||
|
|
pttcel prlntlng a cher.n of
|
|||
|
|
nglng plcture contrest,
|
|||
|
|
leverael atock6. 7241 ls d
|
|||
|
|
PXX end 7151 6re SaEEe I B&H
|
|||
|
|
Ea I B&W ne8atlve stock.
|
|||
|
|
For B&W negatlve there. 1s the optlon of altematlng BaEre6
|
|||
|
|
above end betoF 1 -- ?t6d ylrh i.nri i.l-a,ia'i5ji"irtr,
|
|||
|
|
g.r""
|
|||
|
|
.7 -- and Eultlpty out to t.
|
|||
|
|
-
|
|||
|
|
I'her⬠at'e Eo avallabl⬠râ¬vâ¬!.aal ltocks rlth garEa less tbaD l.
|
|||
|
|
FoP col.or râ¬verlal ECO, uDtll
|
|||
|
|
favorlt⬠gaEEa I caler; 6tock
|
|||
|
|
cl4s!1cal prlttln8 scbâ¬ec. XC
|
|||
|
|
pos6lbly bâ¬ttor !cbaEo. tror o
|
|||
|
|
be oD h16her' BsrDa stoct,
|
|||
|
|
Ng
|
|||
|
|
thrt ady4ntagc. Hlgh.r ga!D8
|
|||
|
|
18 a prlltlDg lchrEo. For tbl
|
|||
|
|
oa 7199. Orl8lDal f,odacbraDâ¬
|
|||
|
|
7199 stock El8bâ¬heve6 rlth ex!,oauF ttles long.r tbau about
|
|||
|
|
.l gâ¬coDd.
|
|||
|
|
For B&ti revâ¬raaL pXR--pXR_ _pXR__etc. 1e the clesBlcal p.tDtlDg
|
|||
|
|
acheoe. py,R--7161__7161_ _⬠rc. 1_6 " "irrii",'-"iiiiiii u.tt".
|
|||
|
|
sch6Ee. For e4cb, unloss al, opsr dlii;;;;'i"-;;B;"t;"
|
|||
|
|
effccttvâ¬
|
|||
|
|
BaEea ls Duch greateF tben l.
|
|||
|
|
-
|
|||
|
|
24]--ctc. 1E tbe classtcal
|
|||
|
|
ThG shortcut ach6Ee fop color ne8ettve ECN__CRI__CRI__e !c.
|
|||
|
|
coEprl ses oDly ploturc Ds8stl"e6;
|
|||
|
|
For El&l Dcgatlve tbere ls a, lbortcut !ch.Ec Bt __Z16t__?r6t__Gtc
|
|||
|
|
Tonal d6gradatlon roEetlDgs coDfu6gd rlth coDtre6t lncreas!
|
|||
|
|
Eey bo duc to DIBâ¬xpo6ure, or to lEpo881b1e lxposure (ar rhcD
|
|||
|
|
tFe prlnt.tllE lacks-tbe orposu!'e ran8e to hindlo the dsDeltt
|
|||
|
|
raDge of ths orl61Ds,1). Tbon plcture la1l6 oD too or 6bould;r
|
|||
|
|
and 1s tlnally coEpre!Bad.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
tt
|
|||
|
|
Thr.ough-gener8tloDs gralnlness eeul-addE. Thc graln of the
|
|||
|
|
orl8lDa1 ls ln pant addâ¬d to th⬠Braln of ths pr,lDt etock.
|
|||
|
|
The prlnt oey thus look lâ¬8s eralny tban the oilglDal, or
|
|||
|
|
EoFe Eralny, gr JuEt dlllorently gralrry.
|
|||
|
|
Through generatlons sharpnâ¬EB dlE1n1sbee. The unEharpnâ¬ss ol
|
|||
|
|
thr or161na1 JolDs tb⬠unsharpnâ¬sa of thc 1eE6 and th; unsharp-
|
|||
|
|
tre8s ol the p.lDt stock, 1E th6 prlDt. ShaFpnâ¬ss oay bâ¬
|
|||
|
|
booEtâ¬d, borever, by boostlng contrast.
|
|||
|
|
Optlcsl prlntllg rlth ttte best 16n8â¬s onto râ¬latlyâ¬ly thtck
|
|||
|
|
â¬EuLsloD prlnt f1lEE aey be 6harper tha,D contact prlnt1ng.
|
|||
|
|
OeDeralLy optlcal prlntlng lsn't a⬠6harp.
|
|||
|
|
Plcturo degradatlon lroE 6eDeratloD to geDeratlgn could be
|
|||
|
|
arolded by EBklnB tho plcturce vâ¬ry 1en3e, or by d18lta11z1Dg
|
|||
|
|
the!. But 1n thle oedlnE th6 orlglnsl, lntcruedlatc, aDd
|
|||
|
|
flDa1 plctures are all of thg Eeoe Blze, EBde 1D B1E1la,r rays,
|
|||
|
|
of e1E11er Eatcrlals. Be6ldeB the practlcal ccgDoEy, thâ¬re
|
|||
|
|
1s conceptual cconoEy 1n th16. Intultlons tranEfer â¬aslly
|
|||
|
|
froo on⬠forEally ElElLar plcture phaEe to enothâ¬r. Thue
|
|||
|
|
oaklng the 6â¬neratlgn6 the s4Ee Ea,keE tbe! dlltâ¬rent. Tbls
|
|||
|
|
LB the parsdox, or th⬠folly, ol optlcal prlntlD8.
|
|||
|
|
D(poru.e Day cbrng. rlib EagtliflcdtloD. .l .bellor!
|
|||
|
|
fomulrn rorls tgr lort prlDtor Lansor t,nd Eott tliuElDe.itot
|
|||
|
|
rjrstrD !. It prgscrlbâ¬8...
|
|||
|
|
BE,.I,OTS TOR{ULI
|
|||
|
|
EagD l tl catloD
|
|||
|
|
u=.1t
|
|||
|
|
tL.r8
|
|||
|
|
8.25
|
|||
|
|
k,t5
|
|||
|
|
b.x
|
|||
|
|
u=,71
|
|||
|
|
EI
|
|||
|
|
tLt.4
|
|||
|
|
k2
|
|||
|
|
t&2.8
|
|||
|
|
lL4
|
|||
|
|
x:5,T
|
|||
|
|
x=8
|
|||
|
|
cottpaDsatloD
|
|||
|
|
cdd nD,50
|
|||
|
|
add ND.46
|
|||
|
|
tdil HI).4r
|
|||
|
|
add llD. ]f
|
|||
|
|
rdd tlD.25
|
|||
|
|
ldd trD. 14
|
|||
|
|
DOrlAI
|
|||
|
|
ralovo xD. l5
|
|||
|
|
lsnorq xD. )5
|
|||
|
|
tlEovc lID.56
|
|||
|
|
roov. XD.8O
|
|||
|
|
P.6ov. NDI .04
|
|||
|
|
raEov. lqDI .rl
|
|||
|
|
Blat "1 .fiipcr f, e tO
|
|||
|
|
Plctur!! lltc tblng! tail. ln EaDt rat!.
|
|||
|
|
BrlgbtD.lr !rd.! r!:.
|
|||
|
|
Brrdual arpoluFe chrDga! lcadlng to black, oi, starllDg fr"oE bl.ct
|
|||
|
|
lretllEg-lo nomal rrpo aurc.
|
|||
|
|
to f.da ou! rl'tb r poaltlv. orl61Er1. arDoluFr 1! d.cF.al'd' 'lth'r
|
|||
|
|
hv ritatlDr !D ftlt.ri
|
|||
|
|
to tho uorirl Drct aF blr olorlDg th. !buti'F'
|
|||
|
|
i6rJ ioi llch rnuc. rh.n tb. rD adar.it l! aolrYbrt atlFEcr thr!
|
|||
|
|
tui ufiof ol th. orlglDrl' tht! couDt. lr .rpolutt outoff'
|
|||
|
|
F.lDTII
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
LOO FADE
|
|||
|
|
LINIAR FADE
|
|||
|
|
orBE rlDrS
|
|||
|
|
14
|
|||
|
|
fo f4d. out rltb a nagrtlva orl8lDql' rltb thr laDc cff.ct,
|
|||
|
|
.rposurc 1. lDcrae!â¬d, by lubtrectl!8 XD flltars frgE tbr Dot!61
|
|||
|
|
pack, !o!. Eorg lrch frala. IhrD tha llD 6ubtnsotgd ls .oocvbAt
|
|||
|
|
darler tbaD ihc blrck of thr ot'191!41' thl! couDt. as axpolur.
|
|||
|
|
cutotf. tbla frdo 1! lEposslblr Ylthout an sbund.nt râ¬!!rv⬠o?
|
|||
|
|
pnlat.r lllu[lnattoE.
|
|||
|
|
fb. Dorrsl p4ct oust ooDtah anougb f,D tor
|
|||
|
|
tba rrlova]. lu altcrnatlvc la dlrou6scd b.Ioy sftar dl!.ol,v6!.
|
|||
|
|
I f.dclD ls thc allpL! F.vorsc ol a fad.out.
|
|||
|
|
Tbr tradltloDrl fadc l! Eadr tFoE ! polltlyo aad 1! logarlthllo.
|
|||
|
|
Iltb ND llltcrs.
|
|||
|
|
log frdrout ls Ead. by rddlEg cacb rrl trEEc
|
|||
|
|
s, c.rtalD llouDt lore ND, Xltb t.oyerlal orlBlDal, t,Oo sdd.d
|
|||
|
|
a,bout coEpl,otcs tbe tedcout. For crllplr' a JO fraE. log
|
|||
|
|
fadeout ls E6d! by addlng ..10 ol XD .ecb fraE!.
|
|||
|
|
For qyGry llD vrl,uc tb.cr! 1. .n oqulvalcut lbutigr augle. Cbart
|
|||
|
|
C bâ¬lor lhor8 thc aqulyal.nca8 ald 1! ritrptabl6 to aqt rbuttcr'
|
|||
|
|
A yarlBbl! lbuttor could bc celllbratrd ln botb dagr.c! rDd
|
|||
|
|
NDr!. But tovard tbc bottoE ot Chsrt C thc lEBu]lr .attl!â¬l
|
|||
|
|
ert too cloEe for ordlDatT Yarlablr lhutiar!.
|
|||
|
|
Lo!8 @ooth
|
|||
|
|
lo8 tadâ¬s froE r.vcr:lsl orlll'Dal aF dlltlcult rltb Yarlabl.c
|
|||
|
|
sbutt,â¬ra. Horâ¬var, troE lDtcrpo6ltlve o!181Dal a fad. 16
|
|||
|
|
flDlsb.d st about l{Dl .5o, qvol'dl!8 tbr dlffloulty.
|
|||
|
|
BOLE( VIRIABII SHUTTER lltbougb lt 1! EarE.d lD !top8, lt ls gonfl8uttd
|
|||
|
|
for aERulEr calllbretloD. OpqD 1! lrO"' Just
|
|||
|
|
croria-rs oo. xtar"y la 55o. Pcrccotegc o!
|
|||
|
|
full ceD bc subltltutctl tor d.8FraE. FlDe
|
|||
|
|
calllbrEtlon lhould uot bc rttcEpt.d for thcro
|
|||
|
|
18 PlaY lD tbc Eacbanlgo.
|
|||
|
|
Th! ltncar fedaout, coDpaned rltb tb. LoB ladrout ot iba
|
|||
|
|
laEs 1su6tb, !tsr:t! dorar eDd tlB1!h.s ls!t!r.
|
|||
|
|
tlth s varlabl. thuttar a llDoar fadlrout tt![ . polltlvo
|
|||
|
|
orlglDal 18 Eedc by Eubtrectla8 racb Drr frrlo a cartrlD
|
|||
|
|
aDRlt. Fon llEpllcltt,
|
|||
|
|
tskc a llDâ¬ar tadcout to ba oorpllt.
|
|||
|
|
at-Oe. For cre,lplc, rlib a l8O' lbutt.r c JO treoa llnrar
|
|||
|
|
taal c chaD8r! 5v aob freue.
|
|||
|
|
ID llltarg caD br ut.d to lalc a l'lDcer tadc' lbc fad.
|
|||
|
|
lt plranrd as 1l for I Yrrl!,blc lhuttcr aDd tbc! XD
|
|||
|
|
.qulvrlcDt! art fouDd lD Chsrt C.
|
|||
|
|
tDv rltdurl irrDllttoD brtrâ¬au full crDgluFa aEd black
|
|||
|
|
1r-ri oxDorum fsde. Tbc nloof", and ptttap! t'b! 'lcralngnr
|
|||
|
|
of r frd- itcDlEd! oa bor tbc arDoaur. cbaaSa! rlth tht lrr|.!.
|
|||
|
|
flDIS III ORIOINAL I fetl. E.d. fro! a !c.ar I'ool! dlEtlactly dltf'rrDt
|
|||
|
|
froE oDa nada froq a llh
|
|||
|
|
lEagc ot thc !c'Do ll tba
|
|||
|
|
lo.E. coDtalDa brlBbt h18h11gbts. Iadr fro! tho !ccD''
|
|||
|
|
tb. h1Eb118bt! cblnc ol ibru thc FErludcr ot tbc !c'na
|
|||
|
|
-
|
|||
|
|
1! pre6ttcltry blrcl.
|
|||
|
|
l{ail c ft'oD th. flh'
|
|||
|
|
thc b18h1l8ht!
|
|||
|
|
lo.liov th! otf,cr t18ht part'r ot tbc Plcturt'
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
l)
|
|||
|
|
-,i:ti c
|
|||
|
|
NEU-TR;L DD{SITY AND EIUIVALEIT SIiUTTR ANGLE
|
|||
|
|
NEUTR-A L
|
|||
|
|
DE{S I TY
|
|||
|
|
o. 00
|
|||
|
|
.05
|
|||
|
|
. to
|
|||
|
|
.15
|
|||
|
|
.2C
|
|||
|
|
.10
|
|||
|
|
.45
|
|||
|
|
.50
|
|||
|
|
.60
|
|||
|
|
. o5
|
|||
|
|
.70
|
|||
|
|
.90
|
|||
|
|
t.00
|
|||
|
|
I .05
|
|||
|
|
l.l0
|
|||
|
|
1.t5
|
|||
|
|
1 .25
|
|||
|
|
1 .1o
|
|||
|
|
1 .15
|
|||
|
|
.40
|
|||
|
|
.45
|
|||
|
|
.50
|
|||
|
|
.55
|
|||
|
|
.60
|
|||
|
|
PECE.IT
|
|||
|
|
OF FULL
|
|||
|
|
SHUTTB,
|
|||
|
|
DE}REES
|
|||
|
|
FOR t 7Oo
|
|||
|
|
SHU TTER
|
|||
|
|
DEOREES
|
|||
|
|
FOR
|
|||
|
|
O
|
|||
|
|
SHU TT ER
|
|||
|
|
1 .65
|
|||
|
|
1-7o
|
|||
|
|
1.75
|
|||
|
|
I ool
|
|||
|
|
89 .11
|
|||
|
|
79.4/
|
|||
|
|
70 .8fr
|
|||
|
|
61.1/
|
|||
|
|
56 .24
|
|||
|
|
50 .|f,
|
|||
|
|
44.?f,
|
|||
|
|
te.8/
|
|||
|
|
55.5f,
|
|||
|
|
6.51 .4
|
|||
|
|
5.62fr
|
|||
|
|
5.o1fr
|
|||
|
|
4.47fl
|
|||
|
|
J.98ft
|
|||
|
|
,58i4
|
|||
|
|
.41f,
|
|||
|
|
.26fr
|
|||
|
|
.121
|
|||
|
|
.ooft
|
|||
|
|
,89'tf,
|
|||
|
|
.794*
|
|||
|
|
.?01fl
|
|||
|
|
.1781
|
|||
|
|
.158/
|
|||
|
|
.141 .4,
|
|||
|
|
?oo
|
|||
|
|
520
|
|||
|
|
,50
|
|||
|
|
o70
|
|||
|
|
960
|
|||
|
|
ii.
|
|||
|
|
680
|
|||
|
|
6oo
|
|||
|
|
540
|
|||
|
|
4eo
|
|||
|
|
lro
|
|||
|
|
i6o
|
|||
|
|
t49
|
|||
|
|
10"
|
|||
|
|
24o
|
|||
|
|
21 .40
|
|||
|
|
t9.to
|
|||
|
|
1? no
|
|||
|
|
15.2o
|
|||
|
|
13.50
|
|||
|
|
t2.oo
|
|||
|
|
to.7o
|
|||
|
|
i' io
|
|||
|
|
6.8"
|
|||
|
|
6. oo
|
|||
|
|
5.40
|
|||
|
|
4.80
|
|||
|
|
4.50
|
|||
|
|
1.80
|
|||
|
|
i'.32
|
|||
|
|
2, 40
|
|||
|
|
2,144
|
|||
|
|
.cto
|
|||
|
|
;^o
|
|||
|
|
.520
|
|||
|
|
.tsl
|
|||
|
|
.20v
|
|||
|
|
.960
|
|||
|
|
aEO
|
|||
|
|
.7 6"
|
|||
|
|
.6g0
|
|||
|
|
.600
|
|||
|
|
.540
|
|||
|
|
.18o
|
|||
|
|
. Lto
|
|||
|
|
. tgo
|
|||
|
|
,f40
|
|||
|
|
.loo
|
|||
|
|
.2P
|
|||
|
|
.2tP
|
|||
|
|
1 .80
|
|||
|
|
1.85
|
|||
|
|
1 .90
|
|||
|
|
1.95
|
|||
|
|
2,00
|
|||
|
|
2.O5
|
|||
|
|
2. r0
|
|||
|
|
2. 15
|
|||
|
|
2.20
|
|||
|
|
2.25
|
|||
|
|
2.to
|
|||
|
|
2.40
|
|||
|
|
2.45
|
|||
|
|
2.50
|
|||
|
|
2.60
|
|||
|
|
?.65
|
|||
|
|
2.80
|
|||
|
|
2.85
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
Squlvalcnt Shutter Ogenlnes
|
|||
|
|
I of FUII Shuttcr
|
|||
|
|
1oo
|
|||
|
|
89.1
|
|||
|
|
79 .4
|
|||
|
|
70.a
|
|||
|
|
13 .1
|
|||
|
|
56.2
|
|||
|
|
50.1
|
|||
|
|
39.8
|
|||
|
|
35.5
|
|||
|
|
22.4
|
|||
|
|
20
|
|||
|
|
15.8
|
|||
|
|
14.1
|
|||
|
|
L2.6
|
|||
|
|
11.2
|
|||
|
|
10
|
|||
|
|
4.91
|
|||
|
|
7.91
|
|||
|
|
7.O8
|
|||
|
|
6,31
|
|||
|
|
4.62
|
|||
|
|
5. O1
|
|||
|
|
3.16
|
|||
|
|
18oo
|
|||
|
|
180
|
|||
|
|
1AO
|
|||
|
|
743
|
|||
|
|
r27
|
|||
|
|
LI4
|
|||
|
|
101
|
|||
|
|
90
|
|||
|
|
ao
|
|||
|
|
72
|
|||
|
|
a7
|
|||
|
|
51
|
|||
|
|
ao
|
|||
|
|
36
|
|||
|
|
32
|
|||
|
|
29
|
|||
|
|
25
|
|||
|
|
23
|
|||
|
|
20.2
|
|||
|
|
18
|
|||
|
|
14.2
|
|||
|
|
t2.7
|
|||
|
|
lt.4
|
|||
|
|
r0.1
|
|||
|
|
I
|
|||
|
|
B
|
|||
|
|
7.2
|
|||
|
|
6.4
|
|||
|
|
1300
|
|||
|
|
130
|
|||
|
|
115
|
|||
|
|
143
|
|||
|
|
92
|
|||
|
|
a2
|
|||
|
|
73
|
|||
|
|
65
|
|||
|
|
52
|
|||
|
|
33
|
|||
|
|
29
|
|||
|
|
26
|
|||
|
|
23
|
|||
|
|
n
|
|||
|
|
18
|
|||
|
|
16
|
|||
|
|
15
|
|||
|
|
13
|
|||
|
|
L2
|
|||
|
|
10
|
|||
|
|
l
|
|||
|
|
..R.icr to :trs c.art .rhcn .Lannine tln.ar i-a d.3 3n.l .ttssolrc!.+
|
|||
|
|
12ffl. r
|
|||
|
|
\ \P
|
|||
|
|
.1o.. .
|
|||
|
|
.rr
|
|||
|
|
. .2o., (4 stops )
|
|||
|
|
.35
|
|||
|
|
''!1.40
|
|||
|
|
- ,os.
|
|||
|
|
1.50 (5 stoDs)
|
|||
|
|
+N.D.
|
|||
|
|
.oo
|
|||
|
|
-05
|
|||
|
|
.10
|
|||
|
|
-.3O (1 stop )
|
|||
|
|
r.40'
|
|||
|
|
s .50. .
|
|||
|
|
- .60. (2 stops)
|
|||
|
|
-.65
|
|||
|
|
r.7O '
|
|||
|
|
\80,
|
|||
|
|
\.9O
|
|||
|
|
(3 6tops )
|
|||
|
|
-. q5
|
|||
|
|
\ t ,oo.
|
|||
|
|
ro5
|
|||
|
|
209
|
|||
|
|
I4A
|
|||
|
|
132
|
|||
|
|
117
|
|||
|
|
105
|
|||
|
|
94'
|
|||
|
|
53
|
|||
|
|
A2
|
|||
|
|
37
|
|||
|
|
33
|
|||
|
|
30
|
|||
|
|
24
|
|||
|
|
2t
|
|||
|
|
1_o
|
|||
|
|
I1
|
|||
|
|
15
|
|||
|
|
13
|
|||
|
|
!2
|
|||
|
|
11
|
|||
|
|
3
|
|||
|
|
Sroo
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
t6
|
|||
|
|
IX.AOE SI'PIRPOEITI ON
|
|||
|
|
In 8D oeanall coEblnstloD ot tyo lEaga8, tbr tuo
|
|||
|
|
can lEfusc rach otbcF r! ll8btDosE or aa da!.k!.!g,
|
|||
|
|
or tb.y can b! slopprd ontg oEcb otbor. Tb.ta sFa
|
|||
|
|
tbra⬠baElc type6 of ltago ruporposltloD' naDtd
|
|||
|
|
sccortllug to hor thot ana Dsdt.
|
|||
|
|
Plcturr8 I & B coDblDcd by...
|
|||
|
|
(l) Doublc .xDosurc ft'oE Dosltlva!. Tho prllt lllE
|
|||
|
|
' '
|
|||
|
|
-a
|
|||
|
|
expol?FIETEc, o-i'cE-r:-i&T! po8Mve, oncc
|
|||
|
|
lroE B'6 po sltlvc '
|
|||
|
|
(21 Doub16 .roo.ur6 t!â¬E lgFatlvc!. lhc DrlDt fl]E
|
|||
|
|
1r axgolad tllce, oDca ft.oE A'8 Dogatlvâ¬r oEco
|
|||
|
|
lrgE BrB Drgattva.
|
|||
|
|
(f) BlDeck. Ire flfE8, cltbâ¬P lrg end B'i poeltlv.8'
|
|||
|
|
'-' 6-r-il?s a'! eDd B's Dc8&t1vr6' ar⬠luEortâ¬d
|
|||
|
|
toBetbcr lD tho prlntar 8atc. tb⬠prlut !11E
|
|||
|
|
1! orposcd oDca' fror thls Palr.
|
|||
|
|
lb. prlnt fllE 16 uDlpeclflrd. It 1. lE tb. flnal
|
|||
|
|
poalllvc Dr1!t tbrt thc thltr tfpr! of coablDatloD
|
|||
|
|
ir. coope'."d, e,nd tbcy lool vcPy dlff.Fut.
|
|||
|
|
For
|
|||
|
|
8&H tb. dlltcrclce6 caD b. dâ¬scr1b.d by boli to!c8
|
|||
|
|
cgD b1Dr.
|
|||
|
|
urtb (l)r ll8btn.ss doElDsta!. lbcr. oDo toDt
|
|||
|
|
coDblDa⬠yltb aDotbc. tolc tbs Flsult l! Drarly
|
|||
|
|
tha ll8htor of tbc lro t'oDc8.
|
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Ulth (2), deFlnr6a doEluatca' fhc rclult 1! Dearly
|
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|
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tha darkor of tbr tro tonâ¬s.
|
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r tfp. (f) ot e typr (l) !!d r typr (2) 1. Jur! r tvpo (])
|
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|
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.grlD.
|
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|
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flth (r), tb.r. lE contrirltl?loattoD rblcb ooDplloata!
|
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|
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gba toDa colblDallo!. If r blPrcl 1! ax.!lE.d r.l
|
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|
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(uDprlDtcd) rh.reY.F bolh LEaB.! art clair tbr btDral
|
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|
|
ir ilcrr.
|
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|
|
Uh.râ¬v.r rlth.r 1!s8⬠16 blacl tbc blp.c[
|
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|
|
1! st loalt tbrt blact. utcrrYar botb 1!36at arc
|
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|
|
bleck !h. blPect 1r doubly blrcl'
|
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|
|
lb. blPrcE' rilob
|
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|
|
ioorrrr itant' bs! a toEal ra!B' doubllng tb'! or tbr
|
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|
|
riirglc l|egci. Tb. blpac: 1! ulprlDtabl. lD tot'o.
|
|||
|
|
To rbltt3ot r plotur. fro! tb. uDprhtrblc blPrct
|
|||
|
|
;;!rai"6 -xpoairrc 1! ttploally lDorcrs.d- l-l ltoP!'
|
|||
|
|
litu + itopi lncrcarc,'ihcro clcu .Dd blaoE colucld'
|
|||
|
|
prlEt! r! I darl Erry rould-Doi a ol.rr dollDltloE
|
|||
|
|
ii oftlcr llghtDr;! 6r darkncaa. flth 2 !top! lncr'l!'
|
|||
|
|
thar. 1. alsrkDQ!t dgElqatlon.
|
|||
|
|
Il tba blprct 1! prlntld oDto glDEa t r.tcrlrl''.to
|
|||
|
|
roduo'
|
|||
|
|
ilc ooutrirt io DbFrl' 1t 1! r tru⬠toDal blcndlr'
|
|||
|
|
rltboua dollD&cc, o! iha tto LEa8.!. lr tba 8r8pb! b'lol
|
|||
|
|
iiJi, -iu.- s"tt^-i'bipaor 1! th. !-rn bctrccn tbc t'ypo (t)
|
|||
|
|
rDd tlrpc (2) doublc atPolur.l.
|
|||
|
|
o^flr l BIPICE
|
|||
|
|
r^rctDdllt LY
|
|||
|
|
|
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|
|
17
|
|||
|
|
Four ldoallzcd Erepb! luEDarlzc tbe tbtlc. bsllc ttpcE o!
|
|||
|
|
suprrpo!ltloD and tba 6a!Ds t blpact.
|
|||
|
|
Ersrpl⬠| .l bas d.D3ltt .75 rDd B ba6 drEalty l.?5 lD oDâ¬
|
|||
|
|
plac.. FDon tbr tlrlt
|
|||
|
|
grepbr lha doublc arposuro
|
|||
|
|
troE polltlve8 bs⬠dcEllit rbout l.o 1n tbet plec6.
|
|||
|
|
9.rraI'ft.
|
|||
|
|
q
|
|||
|
|
For a doubla crpolut! lt docsa't DBtlcr rblcb rxpo 8ur⬠1'
|
|||
|
|
iir.i'
|
|||
|
|
or tlrt ilnc lcparatâ¬6 thr tro. ID !oE' Dultl-h'ed
|
|||
|
|
oDllc;l Drlntar!, u!1!B r b.lr-tpl'lttrr'
|
|||
|
|
tb. tro 'xporulrl!
|
|||
|
|
e'rc clnuitrnrou!. fltb.r rEy' tbc tro l1l'!! crn ba
|
|||
|
|
ladcpcudcotly tdJu!t.d tor axpo.ure, fllt.rcil'
|
|||
|
|
'tc'
|
|||
|
|
For a blDich lt doaln't Eattar rblch fllE 1! lD froDt' l1!o
|
|||
|
|
iil i"" -iti-ui
|
|||
|
|
- opi rcarr v lDst.ad ot D!chaDlcallt blprckcd'
|
|||
|
|
ii-"Jii rri ti:uiio -optiiar pFlot.rs tb. flra!-arc.1u.laparrt'
|
|||
|
|
.iitr"l-o"""-p"ojcctriu uccoilrg tbc otbrrr' 11lu!1!4tlon' IE
|
|||
|
|
E-iitifi-p.ritt'.i onc flln nii 5o rn tbc 6rtc and tb.c othcr lD
|
|||
|
|
ir,"-r[i.{l-ir
|
|||
|
|
iront or thc irln! frln. ^tny rsy' thc tuo
|
|||
|
|
f11n! !b8t; onc sxposuro adJultErEt rnd flltt'atloD '
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
SPEC I.TL ORIOINALS
|
|||
|
|
t6
|
|||
|
|
lhen f11u6 vltl
|
|||
|
|
be phy6lcslly blpeckod thâ¬y should llrBt
|
|||
|
|
b⬠r{1p6d rlth a lubrlcatlnS lllo cleaner. Tbls ts good
|
|||
|
|
practlcc for all optlcal prl!tlEg rho! dcllcat. o11B1E6l,6
|
|||
|
|
r6cclro bsavy baldllDg,
|
|||
|
|