NOTES ON OPTICAL PRIN1ER TECHNII:IUE MaRnl flc4tlou B]6rup. & Rod uo tloD Blouup gharPlcs 6 Prl!ter LgDscE Optlcel Zooo LoDe Apc rtur€ Focusln6 Focu€lug Apcrturc Focuslq8 Prgc l8lou Focu61n6 Ta rg€t D€pth ol Flcld B616x Prl sE Bol.x GroundSLas 6 D€fg cu! x-Y Ad JuEtEeDt ExAct I :1 t 10 frEEc F raac I1n6I buIBloD Po E 1t10! Tlue Fancy Fr€6zc FaEcy g lot{ Dl ffqs c 16 LJV F llter IR F lltor Orec! Fllter Flltcr Lo cat loD Expo6urc Erpoeur. Ad JUE t6 rg Spcclfylng ExPosurt F1ln Sp€cd Rlght Expo Eure oc!cratloDB Bolfors Follula Fad cE Log F4dr Bolex varlablc gbuttsr Llnear Fadc Other FadaE 1E I 2 2ttt 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 7II 8I 9 9 9 9 9 9 'tt lltl 1ttt r4 r4 14 't4 Fadrs Chart o r.1g 1DeI [.utral DCnslty qDd Eqqlvslcrt ghut tlr AnBlq 14 15 IDaBa gup.rpo 81t1on oaooa i Blpsck IEcld rntally Expggurc C gops! 6at 10n speclal 0 r1g1lal ! Tox turlDg !{ultl-Erposurc Mul. tl- Pa c k NEtural gupgrpo e 1tlotr F Is Eh 1!6 Contra6t Ad Ju6tE6Dt Color IEa6€ SuPrrPoEltlon we16bt6d Doubl,c D(PoBur.8 016 !oLvc! Ettocts DIEEoLvc6 Fad.s froD NcgetlY e Cofor Erpo sura T c6t1ng CC Pack Rea uctl on Hlgh Co!trsgt Prl nt I HlcoD ExposuFs coutra8t BullillEg gt€pE HlcoE Spccklc Tonc I6o1at1on Loglc of l,ta6E Coobln6tl oD Ioaga gprcEd ald BlooE Xalk and CouDtgrt4ll RrYrrsal,/NaBatlYa Fl!t1DE F€atbcred I'laol 6 Ioegc l{arrla8€ l{aEk Blackn 6 o6 HleoDE froo Color Orl81qal! HlcoD ?r'oceEelng oDtlcal PrlDted Rrlca6c PrlDt s Ritual rDd Art 18 6 6 6I I 9 9 9 9 r9 21 2l 21 22 25 25 26 26 26 27 27 28 28 29 to 10lo,l t1 revlsec NOTES ON OPIICAL PRINTER TECHNIQUE DE{NIS COUZIN Merch 198, An optlc6l prlnter 1B a devlce for photoEraphlng the fralteE of one flfd so ss to Eeke enother flLE. II It consl6ta e6seDtlall.y of e caEera (C) coDnected by a b€llovs (B) to a lenE (L) E,1Eed et a fl]E 1D a gete (O) lllw1nated froE behlnd by a laEp (I). fhe ceEer4 aDd gate each haye Eotorlzed lnterElttant f11E Eoveoents so tbet any fraE€ of th€ rrorlglnal'r fllE ca! be convenlentl.y pboto6rsph€d oEto any fraEe of the rprlnt" fl18, the caEera caE be a,! ordlDary clne cao€re, 19s6 lts l€Ds, aEd tbe gate can be a.n ordlDary clDe prcJoctor, L.8B 1t8 1e!6. fdeally they beve 1dentlcs1 Eyst€Es of fllE r€glBtratlo!, aB Lf oqg eerlg the lens' IE8,Bo of th€ oth.r. Ibe lcns c8u bc any belLoHs Eountable lens. Ideslly 1t 18 8pcc1e1ly coproctcd for the Boa1l end lear1y oqual 812e6 of th18 obJect aud loage. Tbe caEere aDd thc lols ca! Ellde lDdepeEdeDtly to End f!'o tb€ flln BEte. thle adjuEts tb€ EagnlflcBtlon aDd th€ focu! of tbo pbot ography. II{AONIFICATION If th€ lene 16 (loElnatlt) Eldray b€tH€oa tb. fllEs rhe! oD€ la fgculad on tb. otblr, thca tbr Ea8ulflcatloD 1s l. At lLl (ateo caLl.d l:t) thr rbolt ol tbc orlglDal frale 1s pbotoS!'aphod at a 612. lrblch t111! tbG rholc of th€ p.lDt fr€Ec. x=l Il tba cltl! 0 ra to k€€p lcnB 1! Eoved Eurt ba Eovad tbe oDc llLB clo ser tg tbe back, ?antb€r focu6ed oD the g4te, tbcD th. ftlE th6 Satc' othcr, Tb.! thc Copyrlght @tgg: uy Dennle couzlD 2 larulflcatlou 1! 8!:att,ar tbaD l. orirfnaf triEo ll PbologrrPb.d lt vbofq ol th. prlDt trur. It >l a part ol tb. a !1zr tblcb flll. thr H=5 Et/r BLOIIJP & RIDUCIIOI Il, ltartllg troB th. l;t ! tertblr tIlE th. EBtr' tb.D Eovcd bacl, frrtbar lrroE tb foculcd o! tba othcr. Thou tbau l. lt t{1, th. oth.P ll<1. tb. DrtDt.r Bat. llt hold tbc pFlDtcF il".ii-i6i".-o" vtoi vur 2 "tup ra dfr-iiriGii inio u P4o ' rhol' ;Ar- i;il.;- iitu ra x=i I 5!! or161E'1 iiii.'iiii"toit pr,.a oit ' .ooaY'rlloD iltri.i-.irv tr6 rirr gaugG! 1! polllblt tbl' ray' orcvldril tlr frurl baYt tb' 't!t proportloDr' l! 6il, - *P.. 8lr, t 6ru, rnd 'o!' '5ll 'lo' l t6EE Dlctur. of r ffoa r 16lo ploturc of rD alaP of aa 8on Dlotura ceDDot- or a 16ll Dlctur. of a t6 fro! t!188a ln hrvlDg valt blomD, aY.D lf lt Prtlarv' oi tli-gE! ortElual' lpr'ail i; i;;; "b";-;uioiut'riv tbr! t'h' orlslurl ' BLOIUP SEllPNEgS PRIXTB LEISES oPrrcaL zoox Uudrr atlrlE. lagDlfloatloD -- a Etot'olcoDt-objtotlvc i6rio ur iuc prtitcr 1.D! -- plctorlal datau 1!-tlltlu!. i"a ttc uuarrivlDB Dalurel tb1n8' th. .!ulllo!' 1! rll iflit couta bo ;boaogrtpb.d lbtFply. But. thr--8rrlD! ar! ioo ruaff to bl lhat?lt 1!e8.il rltb ll8bt' Hc.r' cv'D iii niiurtr tblo6 h8; bccn pbo lo6rrpblcallt 'rbrult'd' l5!! rld Projlctrd r1l'l 8!E orlglnal oPtlctllY cd. lf th. bloruP optlc! D tJl. t:l prlDtlDg 1! bt ,5t!. (lhl! l! rU dur oci trlcc r! .b.rrp rDd raac. ) 1! la!! rcll-corractcd A vGrv Bhsr? chQap pDlDtor lcD! 18 t'bc csnoD l{rct'ophoto 55oE i/2.8. OaoEctltosllY thl! zooD o'tr ii- liin-"io.- ro tbc orlSlnal b. al."lEt. bt tr|c:lDg nos b. lilcDtlorl to r zooa bad DbotoRtrDbt. It orn aJ' tO tb tlo-oritir ol tb. tru'' Plqtorlellt tb' toor 8o!! Fr?gl-:yrln8 t'hrt' lt rat ;;a-i;e- ii tac ort6tnrl PhotosrrPDv' looD! ' lb. r'!tt rDd cout!' ot toorlDS' 1!-r frctoF of !tyl'' .i- ri-r" tn odElarl clD'!'to8r'pbt' 4 FocuslloPrlDt€r'ocutlDFDFocc.lurol!dt''.I'!qtrt-dlf'.!cDtllgnl'lcrtloa It t:l tbc c!'u.ia; not tbr lon!' l'' lovad.to! foculln8' ODU/ ii risnrrf crtloD!'6r''rt'r tbrD rbout l'4 1' lt b'ttcr to nov' tha lasr ! for focu!1D8' I.ar gb. ltt ..tup 1'a! lotlon hr! Do-foculllg atf'ct'- Iltb iil- "-"o. flrri-in-ili i: l Porltton -1-m! notlou rdlult! iiitiniitr"" ultiiti-tt"'it' i='i6 aua x=l 'o4 (at r/5'6)' FocoErNo rp8luRr fti"r".ll.'ll ll: U;1":':i:i!.'{'31'[r]"1i3,i.'li:i:.. -,-, r.os""-Iit-;"il-lia - t'lio iblft-focus bv s 9rr-rltabllrbrd o r "t'to "i'ii io-ii itirne' rlr" n tutl6e- tectori 1' fornd ls tll! i! 8tr ' FocUsI.BgPRECISIoNElp6c1allytacD'ocu!1n6lt,oPpattdom'foculDrDy t'rt" "'iiiiuG i- zc i -eaa ict ei'avcnEsc Polltlon' FoCU8INGI^RoEfUEcrbatavgrta!8a!13'ouDdo46l.}ttofocu.oE' oo" c"utioii iu.-c'iiaet-il"t' !' 1! latg't drpcDdrDt' vttv nol-iitJlition-tart'cts Dat - Pcqulr€ itlftcr'! t r"al" rtititt-ilan coargir tatB't! do' DEPIH oF rIELD lt lDdlcatcil t/5'6 dcPtb of flrld for !o rtlo cu! YhcB add a llu8lc ?118 1r Po ePorturcr altl at 1a l! laEa' rcr!.v, th.re lsn't a dlrtlEctloE b'tY!3D- RX ili^-iri rlr-t-"i ror noat alv 1'Dt rbloh 1111 b€ b.Uor! for oDtloaf PrllllDB' BoLExoRoUNmL^gsoDl'lortbcbc8t,opilcalPrlDg.rl.!!.!'Ibloh1111 E'IJEA rr.rJulrlr'rr'ru ;{i*ir:i,;::ii'inli-iioe'i tr*"{tl 3?3itH;;::iit*. DIFocuB ro tbtos "+ F:8t out ol focua rlthout. ohaDglDE tl3 ilii'itlot. iirottuc lt ltt' !ov' t'hr cettra 4 'llltlDoc 6i;i;;:' ln th' 'a!' dlrtctloD' x-Y IDJUSTXEN! Bcrt'l'! lt! to 'D'l fro loY'E'Dt t'br 1'D! ba8 lrt'r3l .ottttot"l' iitlt--tifitt' t'u9 polltloD of tlr oPlslDal rr.'c'r rirei'ii-til'p-iiti-i"fu' ' Por 'tq'pl" 1l tbc laD! t! rslltd r blt"' BOLIX PRISI{ It T!A.t A lan6!a aud u6rd on a glCT l:l IIXFRAI{E 5 It l:l lovlDg tb! 1!!! up €, dlltlDo. d !et.c! thc yl|rlat flald bt trlce d. Ltt.yt!. to! dom, rlgbt, a;d l.tt,. - .lt X> I lat,oral tdJuat!.Dt cflcct. a roaD ot tbG orlgtDal -tolo?: - Ihl! 1! Dot gco!.trlcrlly .quly!,l.Dt to r pa!, bad lt b.c! rad€ lD tb. orlgtlsl pbdtognrDht OD !rhpl. optlos,I prlDtatr! thr ouly latarel edlu!tEaDt 1l o! tbc l.as (ratbar thaD th! h.avlcr ctE.pe-or Eet€). Thls 1! gco!ctrlcellJr rdaquata But tbc J-tr adjuatllDt! lr€ !v.D loo tltoly for e lrD!. M?fp!, art.r- tbcy 8t! sat, !o g€ntlt ta! tbc lcna, eo lt fbd6 a ltablr polltloE, ald thr! t6 r€adjult 1l Darc!ltEry, rtc., atc, fho Lataral EoyeEoata ot tbc lans, tba to-frg rovorcnta of tba l!u-B aDd crErne, and a, tUtlng of tbc c4oora (1! ncccearry) sllor thc optlcsl prLnter to bc tat tor cract t;t rcprroductloi, fhoD_ tb€ grlltrd lDe,go lE tbc !s!c !1zo 8Dd lD !b. ls,!! pollttoD a€ tha orl8lDEl 1Eag6, ff tb€ prlnten facEs a tllt adJultDrDt tbe oeEgra Esy bo rhlEEad. ll Eprclal ftralr Ir Dadc to guldo thc .rrct llt lrtup. To Etta 4D nalDf.aEcn uBc tbo optlcil prlDlor carcr8 ( tbougl aot D.caBlrnllJr rltb thc optlcal prlntrr t.u!) to pboto8repb e tergct rhlcb 1r Epeclally dPar! to coDtrl! d.trl:,s arEctl.t' colDcld1D6, eE !€r! tbrougb th6 clDola .lrcplcoo, yitb atctill! perEanlDtly o! tha BrouDdgLrB!. lbc pbotograDb tadr rbl1c tbc colDcltlelca 1E scaq 1! tjrr 8lEfruc. DvorTr Brouadgla6a has !o[G parEaneDt dctall!, rvlD It oqty 1t! tlar8. lbr llold .dg. 1! a poo!: cholcr ot datall lf tbc rclt lE thlck or lf th! cyaplrcc 18 abcrntcd rt, tbr .dgc. tro pollt! of dotall ara clough toF a rcll-rllgD.d DrlEtlF, tbr!. polnt! for e luspact oDc. I rgtlcl,o Dado on blgb Fsolutlo! fllE lat be attacbrd to thG grouDdBI4EE to edd dctBlls. 6Da11 patt.rTs of coDcautrlc cltcl.! eld othsr pett€t!! vhlch lrlf-Eolr6 ars ldeal. lllo ths afutraae ceD b€ B D.gatl,vo o? the tlne-pattotred rctlct€. For axact l:l r€tupr tb€ alEfraEr f1lo 16 nc8lstarcd 1! tb€ prlltor gstc rDd tba prlDt€r caElra aDd J,cD! adjultad to rcblsva tbet laEa colEcld€lcr of dctalls, a! secn tbtough thr cy.placa. Focu3lDg Eu6t bc coDplctcd bsfo!.. tbc floel adJuEtErDt to tbg alElraEc. It 1s coDyanlaDt to lncor?orate a tocuelDE talEct ln tbo r1-olr4Ee. lhe alDf!.aE6 ha6 valldlty oDly lor tbo caD€.e tn vhtch tt y4E Eads. It doss not depcnd oD the sccurBcy ot tbc c4Eerarg p€tlex vlcrlD8 syst6E, only tbe stablllt,y ot tbe systcE. Hhelever thors ,.s doubt rbout tb. yalldr.ty of tbe alElraoe, 6ucb aE sltcr a caDg.a t'cpalr or becausc of rgsr to tho 111E, the old rlEfra.tle can ba rcglstcr6d lD ihe prlntrr gttc, ala€d on, .Bnd photogt'aph€d tg Eatc a DcalJr yal.ld alElraEc. For rotoscdplDE rlth prlEltlv€ contrapllouB, aD alDfraEe Eay bo proJcctcd ald drarD. Thl! dt3rlag lE lat€r u8c/d to slE th€ csDera (vhoso alEfrEls lt ra!) rhcn pholographlng the rotoEcopod d rsrln8!. 6 Tbe l:l accurBct ot opilcal prlutlDg rltb tl[treEe retups 1r iiiriii ui-a: tie preilrtou tD tbs Daklus aDd t'beD lD tbr u!6 of tho alDfrs €' 2' tbe preclrlou lD !b6 lllE rgglBtratlgD E6cbaEt'aEE ot cBEcra ald gstc ' :. oD1i ff tb€ tY6 qecbaDlsEE aI.€ dlttat'ontr tb! pi-"iliioo iD the fllE dtEoDElons ( prrtoratloD rnd sllttlDg) ' Prlnt'ors ' up. th€ aaEetr4l!e Esthod does Pot eoqpoDeate lor pt'oc6eBlDg shrlDLaS€' FR$ItrLIXE8 It lha cqE'ra r'blob Ee'l€ Eucb blgbor or I'or€r tbB tbc v€rilcal ad Ju6tEeDt alEfraEo s€tuP' to co@Pc ellt havc a YlrY tblck' rrara6!d ' tb. fraD€:'1Dcr ot tbs or18lDa1 oan.eltavs bo 't!'sllat'd GroEtbco"i;;l;]Iit,iiit'uine6otlloailou6llgbtlyEt|latcr tha! l'' 7 EfULgION PoEIIION A prlorl, r ll8bt rry8. X_otlca oD tbc Iotlcr toclDg rl Bbt lFl H H H ll1D ol aD rlphsbct couLd ba aly oa thcla fVe D posMoD! arc ll.tohad tgflD' trclEg tn rborD dott.d. coITlCl PRIrI FRo}{ ctt{Ifi,l oRrorrAl o- G o- F rtb lacb lk€tch shorE aDulElop tac1!8 out. FoF doublo Dcrt flh tbara are oDlt four lay!. th. a rDd b rat! bgcone tbc teE e. CaEora orlgluet 1! IIIq. A coDtact prbt fr€E ca.Eora oplglD4l 1! Ib. I coutact DrlDt tFoE a coEt8ct Prtlt froE oalot.a orlgLual l! IIIa a6e1!. Etc. Itl tba otbcrs aFc !hae! -- .lth.F optlc!,l ptlutlug crFon! or eI!c tllD! ol alphabat! loElbor Davarard. ClvaD a doublc p.rforaicd I' lI' III' or Mt 1s ailt to Eake a doubl. pcrforatad opt,losl prlDt rblob ls ary of th6 tour. olagla poffatratlil t1I!8 rrc a DrlD ln t'ha !ldc. OIYQD, for crarpl., IlIa, 1t le polllblc rllb a ulud optlca,l prlutcr to !aI! .lthct lb. lI!' lIIr' oF IVr, but DoEc of tbo otbar four, tbala could br lrdG vlr a doubl! prrforatcd lltt.Iradlata' Ilt'b a pPld or othrP 1!!€. rotetop, or r .pcolal rovoFlcd 8rta, lt 1! posllblc to convort 8uy ot tlc al8bt rats to rly of tbc algbt layg ttgurllg out hor to alo tba.a 1! a Sood cr.rclse for tb. ltualsDt. Th. t tb1. l"r- lEl- lP- that rban Dt3trp.8 irtsal ttglti !1n81'a Parf! .la loft, aDd lbrfotr: -11 rbot.. thrt c4!€!:. orlRlDd !ard. t{aht rlth 4lrllloD lr.v. CoDtrot FrlDt, of oaEtra orl8lDrl r.aq' rlth- rlullloD fr-clDE toretrit gha vlar.r. Ifr l "l_ tvb r IXE FANC T F,U|C r DIIFUSIRA I tsc.pt yh.! optlcal pDlltlD8 1! do!. lD alllrlca vlth ooDtact pnLDtlDS, lt ls ulurl, to lrlDtat! a!u:,!loD porltloD !b raugb slI optloal prllt,tD8 !t!ps. Et3ltbr rltb calcra orlglarl .rob Bon.ratlon 1! agalu IIIa. - lor tbl! tb.ra 18 e llrplr rulc. To trprcduca tba aEulEloD po.ltlo! ot th. or16turl, lDsrrt lt ln tba prlDt.r 6rtr rlth aaulrlou rrrt l!.o! lrEr, brad! up, ruDDlDB uprtr{. Optlcrl prutlDg ilbreugh thr br!!r tlor! Dot d.gradr L!a6€ qusl lty. tb. optlcrl prlEtcr cr! rl,!o Islt.t. tbr coDtsot p!:lui!!, lf th! orlglu.I 1! lD6cnt.d lu tba prlDtar gst. rlth aEulaloq touar{ tha 1rE!. Thc optlce] prlDtar Blvas 4s absolutc ooDtFol oylr lbe (Ior or fr,t! ot tlDa e! th. godB could hEvc. But lt,rr Jurt a royla. loturlly, tro lhlt.ttoD! o! optlc4l prlD!.r'thr rsElpulatlon rrc thq BrelDy 6r.ouad ot lllr plcturas aDd tbc Eepr 24 trsEr! plr saeord, sr aboE by tbrsa tro alaDplas. FRI.EE A sln8l. !ra! r ol tha orl8lDrl Drlnt.d repcatadlt 18 a trlozc fr8!c, UDfoptunatalJr tba ruaDlDg gralu pattalD of thc o!.lglnal fn9cz.! rltb tha plcturc. tba plctulr hBs 1o6t 1ts B!.ound. fbls caD bo avoldcd ll tblre er€ ot lrelt thrc6 frad!! rlthout rotloD lD tbc ollgtnal, bt allarlat.l,y prlutlDg eEoDg tho thnra. SLOV to lloy EotloE to 1/1 gpced (aa 1r rcqulrcd rbaD 01161!.1 rhot rt lE3ps 1. to br lrdo lDto r 24!pa pFlDt) 1t 1! uruel to prlDt cv.ry thltd fraE. tr1cc. IECDEICHI... bccolr! ^3CCDBFoHII.... . Tha lloro-friaz.r, JuEt iro tpr!.s loDg, coElB6 re.rt 1/6 tccoad, lre pcrc€lvld tbrc ugb tbclr !htti!. Tbls oaD be eyoldcd by readorlzlD8 thr fp8!a! to b6 doubl.d rhllc stlll oboollD8 oua fr.!! trrE .ach tbrra ot the orlBlDal. For poorlJr alarlg!.d coadcllcr !y!t.!! r allffurlr rlll cvaD tbo lllullurtloa ov.r tba fr.!c. Othcr lhrD fo!. tbl!, dlffuE.p! aFc looatrtl llBctllrt.lt bcblDd tb. orlgllcl llh to rltar Llrga qurlltt lD rorarrl tetl: l. ri.lducc thc lpporra,Dc. ot lorstobcr oa thc tlh baaa; 2. .oftlD tbr app.anDo! ol 6,!e18, rDd rlthout r.duobg ralolutlon prF aa, rlducc abrlTBa!!; ). !.ctluoa tba appar.nt @Dtr3!t of &lf orlBlnaLs, .pDroxhatlng thc toDrlltt lD coDtrot Drlltl!6. Opal glaa!, l lora .rtreno dlffulrr lbaE 8roled8lllr' 1! Eor. attact,lv. ln aacb of tb. thrca rrt!. ln opel gtrlr or! r.auo. crpoluF! by 4 or .vc! lora rtoD!. lD rccldaDtrl, or for.iottcD opal glrls can davaalrt! l! oxpotuFal t'll 'ILTB IR FILTB .l fllt.r Hblcb rbsorb! tbc ultravlollt, auoh l! UraltsD 28 oF 2E LEprovc6 sbrt?Dcas rltb flEort q1l lc!!.s, ll!o, prlDtlEg ooloP llln onto color tlIE, or B&l lllD oDlo color lllE, tbrra 1! color r.aproductloa ady.utagr to ullDg r W f1lt'c r. goE. color rarstoot! hay! luch llltratloD butlt lD, loEr doDrt. Evsn prlEtln8 color fllE oDto B&X flb tb€rc ls tolal etlvantrg. tourlngrIIvfllt6r. I tllt.r r.bloh ablorb! (or rrtlcct!) tba lafran.d lrlps Euch of tbc lltbt cD.ngy rblch rould bcat tb. orlBlDrl but Eot coDtrlbutc to tbr photogrepby' olf th. orlgluil. fbl. llltrr nutt b. locrtcd b.trc.! thc lup rDd th! orlSlDel. PrlatlDB fodachroEe orlglaal oDto color llLE' th.rc 1! ool'on r.produEtloD eilvut4Ec io uolng r lllicr rblch rttlcctE tbc tsr nod (pa!t 6?Ou!) and D.ar lntrar'atl. PrlDtlDg othar oolor: orlglnil! tbcr'6 18 color r.DroiluctloD d1ladvaDtrg. to usln8 e tIltcr (!uoh.s BrDy bcit flltlrE) rhlcb r.lota tbc tar rrd. ORIEN rlt,tm. PrlltlE8 B&Y to B&t rltb r uo!-rpo cht'olatlc lctt!' I Srccn flttor c6'D tlprovr shar?uo8s. FMIR LOCITION fbc cpcctrel attcct of a tlltcr o! lbr pboto8rlphy l! tba.aEo r.hcrovcr lt 1! loortcd bctr.cn tb. lup tDd tbc ratltocl. Tbo optlceL atteot ot 4 llltcr c8D't ba 6ood' !o lt ou8bt to bc locatcd oD t}a l1lullEatton lltla 6f thc orlaturl rathor tbaD oD tha lDa8c-foroatloE sld.. (tbara, flauE LD fllter! 8ro hat!l'!!!. I color fllt.r rry cv€u b! pcrloretcd to roducc lts atfcctlvr raturatloD. ) t[POgltRE ID oDtlcal prlntlng r! lD orlglDql photography' tb. crpoaun. 18 sdjultabl.,- a'ud e ueccerary coDsliloratloD. B'l t thcr. 18 s dlltf.r.Doa. tb! Erturial ac renBr' tttE the brlSbtolt ttflact'tour ) to th. d$Ia8 ls lblt.d lD brlgbtuosE rad tb. lerllu! daurltt ol tl stoP reEgr for -lc colo!' raYlnlr1 flh!' but 9E1t rbout - 6 !top! for a lagstlYa orlBlarl. tbr orpolure Drobf.[ 1u orlSl.ull pbotogFrlhy 1! to d'cltlc rtrt portloi of tba lllanlc brlShtna8. ralgc to orptur' oD tha l1l!' ibc crpoaurc pt'oblcn 1q opt,loel- D$utlug- 1! to dccld' hor to crpturi on tba prlDt fllE tb! rbolc of tb! oF16lDal 1!i6t rrD6'' IXPOBITRI ^DJUSTES SHUITB SPID I Yarlrblc .ttcod !oto!' or 8lrrln8 orD Elyc r ?.y !top! of adjuttltut. EFvlty 1. ll.rltod bt luartle. A llngla-fraEa lccballlE clDuot ba rrpcctad to coDDl.tr r cyclc lD l.!! tha.u about .! lccoDd. glor rulDln8 1! t&ILEltld, but cEullloD! Ellrtlpold to vart - loDB .rposura!, 1o!1!g ap..d rDd EalulDg ooDtnrlt. lo Iltb th. ysrleblc Ehutter thc ahuttcr !P!ad (tho tLE! tb. llght ltrtkc! r polDt lB the fralc) Day b. rdJultcd elthougb tbo prbtcr caE€la ruDo 4t, JuEt oD€ sprcd. Epo8uie caD bc adjulted oYaP lsveF4l .tops vlth tb. vailable ahuttor. Brerltt 16 llDltld bt the shuttcr E€cbaD1c6 r|hlch DuEt 81ve lqusl rvcD orlto.ur.B at tbc sE41l€st lhutt.r aD81€ s. To cut erDosur.g by I stop u8lEg tbo varlabl9 Ehuttar' hElvo the' Ebutt€r- aDB1e. T! cut aDother ltop' halve 1t agaln. Uslr1a th€ vsrlable sbutt6r for gtposulc adJuaiEelt !Eka8 italeJ for tados or dls6olres lDcoDvclleDt. LENS APERTURE Th18 1e a 8111t rey to adjust 6rpoBuF'' cbanEhR IaDE spsrturo cbaDS€8 plctuP€ qharpEes!. Erceit ior llDe-crpoeun€ adJultDeDts (tt stop) tbe l€o8'18 b€st l€tt at ltE sharpeBt opeDllg' (Fgr exposure teBtlDS aDd otbrr dlrty lork' lcDg ip.rturi 1s a baDdy -xpoeurc adJu6t€r.) LAXP VOLTACE lh16 le tb€ cla6slcaf ray to adJuat iioorur" tor B&U prlDt1D8. But lt lDtroducss color cbancee. A160. Eod€rD bafoScu laEps lo.€ 1lfo 4t pnolSoeed lol volte8€8. Volta8€ adjurtDeDt 18 a iractl6al Eean€ for llne rxposure adJustEent. DrcDDlER thc voltaBs lOl reducc6 th€ ltght sbout l itoi'rlltc cbanglog th. color sbout cco5Y+cco2H. PoLIRIZERS lro polarlzers' one rotatablc' 18 a cutc r.ay to ad-lu6t cxpoeure. But EbG€t polerlzrre 8ct loi aud bive sboit llvc6 lD tbc optlcal prlEter. oDlv ylpv rx99!slv! oDc! can EalltalD color aeutrElltt oili. e t6 etdp adJuatoent t'aDgc' aDd lt 1' aad to lry thee. ND FILTBS tb€sc 6rcy flltcrs irt thc p!'f6rrcd vsy to edJult txpo 6una. .rO ol Ncutral D€Dllty oquelE oDe 6top' Naut!'a1 DoDsltt "aluos add e6 ftltcrs Br€ 6tsck'd' ii"i-i" tlp.io ilttcr * aD ND.20 llltcr + aD [D''0 iiii.. ,o.t" lltc aD ND.60 flltcr' aatl th16 cutB tbc llght ? Etopr. ftc. .lo ot trcuit'sl llcDllty cqurl8 l/t t|"og' I clcar Elar! o!: tlh Eay bc u!6d as aD ND'0t5 ll1tcr tor tllrr arpoBuF! ed JultEcutl ' LoD6, St3tlcat ND flltqr! allor contlDuou! axposun' ad J ustnaDt. ND fllt€r8 of htghor valur bocoEe hot,tar aEd bavc lborter llvca. ID e pacl ol ND llltcr8, lor€F vs,lu6! 6hou1d Eo torad tbc taEp. PaEt ,60 lt Drtc8 llttlc d 1ff€rcDcc. YrattcD #96 BelatlD ND llltcrs arc €rpen!lvo bocaus6 ot tbelr optlcal quallty' uaDccallsry rbtr! tbey erc locatcd lu th€ optloil PrlEt.r. L6G tbeatrlcal trllal". ll2o9 ' #zto' rDd #2tt a!! Sood lor ND.ro, ND.60, aDd ND'90 aDd coBt l,/tOo as lucb a! frattc! E. There Brr 8IEBB ND'6. botb ab6orptlvc of 8r!st pamaD€Dc€. 1160, drv.lopld halitous 6crc€Da. atc. ca! bc u6€d B8 8PE! IFYINO EICPOSURE lbe taly varlabl.E o! €xpolurr lDcludci FIIJ,( 9PIID aDd B&ti ND r€flcctlve, f11E s, flD6 fl1te re . l. the typ€ of orl8lEal tllE aDd lt! plctorlrl quelltlc z. tne tfte ol prl;t fl1r (rDd 1f a leb ltoct lt! batcb DuEbrr) ,. la8tlltloatlon 4. lcu. cpoPturo 5, dtllluEar (lt arY) 5. larp voltago 7. lbuttcr auE]o 8. uoD-nD flltratloD aE v.Il a! 9. xD allirr8 l8l slal !..14t"d veluca rnc sprclrlltcd to or181D41-plcturr titfoi."a tra Dot qultc apPFoprllt! to optlcal prlEttr """iitairorg. tts ialuca rr. btotlatlvc lor c€Eparllon i'i'iGiiii- ist cii. ror !a!v pllDtlug turs lsA rud rclst''l Yaluss ar€ ulalatlDsbla. fbc optloel PPlDtcr r11l hava arpolur-c ltaDdard!-uDt'o ltltlt' ieiciiiucc bi taltlag. olcr lt 1! kDorD bor to b'!t crpolc ;-;;;t G ori6inar oito r ccrt tD prrlt !lrr' 8909 "tirat'! l.i-u" ".a. 16r r1lllrr ortglE l! or rlDlfar prlEt llh!' RIcHTE)(Pogt,REtorkllElnrgvor€althcrat!etcEptetloDtoIaDtthe opiicel prfnt to ostcb th€ orl81Dal'. R681!t th16 iitptatfi'af tou vEnt tb€ optl'aL prlut tbat produco6 the b€Et rcl'aEe P rlnt ' (Ev€n lf tbs optlcal prlnt Eust b€-lntercut rltb th6 i-rrgrnet, -iio i["i th6 tvo Eust produc€ Datchlng tr]'6Eee prlnt, 1t, 6J""";i ioifot thEt tile tro Eu6t Eatcb' snd Lbey 6houldD't. ) Stdrtlng tt'oE rever - optlcat Prlnt 13 t'Y - than th6 or181Da1' ' Thd b€st rever6al o And so on' 12 Startlng fI.o& ne8et1v6 caEera prlnt has sooe d€nslty ln the lntem€gatlve 1E a little dar .A lurther lnterpo 61tlve rould OE{ER4TIONS OaEoas oultlply. For exaEple, a EaEla onlo gaErla 2 stock r€eeDbLeE a gE;Ea , 1.5 ort8lnaL Drlnt€d o rlElnal . pttcel prlntlng a cher.n of nglng plcture contrest, leverael atock6. 7241 ls d PXX end 7151 6re SaEEe I B&H Ea I B&W ne8atlve stock. For B&W negatlve there. 1s the optlon of altematlng BaEre6 above end betoF 1 -- ?t6d ylrh i.nri i.l-a,ia'i5ji"irtr, g.r"" .7 -- and Eultlpty out to t. - I'her€ at'e Eo avallabl€ r€v€!.aal ltocks rlth garEa less tbaD l. FoP col.or r€verlal ECO, uDtll favorlt€ gaEEa I caler; 6tock cl4s!1cal prlttln8 scb€ec. XC pos6lbly b€ttor !cbaEo. tror o be oD h16her' BsrDa stoct, Ng thrt ady4ntagc. Hlgh.r ga!D8 18 a prlltlDg lchrEo. For tbl oa 7199. Orl8lDal f,odacbraD€ 7199 stock El8b€heve6 rlth ex!,oauF ttles long.r tbau about .l g€coDd. For B&ti rev€raaL pXR--pXR_ _pXR__etc. 1e the clesBlcal p.tDtlDg acheoe. py,R--7161__7161_ _€ rc. 1_6 " "irrii",'-"iiiiiii u.tt". sch6Ee. For e4cb, unloss al, opsr dlii;;;;'i"-;;B;"t;" effccttv€ BaEea ls Duch greateF tben l. - 24]--ctc. 1E tbe classtcal ThG shortcut ach6Ee fop color ne8ettve ECN__CRI__CRI__e !c. coEprl ses oDly ploturc Ds8stl"e6; For El&l Dcgatlve tbere ls a, lbortcut !ch.Ec Bt __Z16t__?r6t__Gtc Tonal d6gradatlon roEetlDgs coDfu6gd rlth coDtre6t lncreas! Eey bo duc to DIB€xpo6ure, or to lEpo881b1e lxposure (ar rhcD tFe prlnt.tllE lacks-tbe orposu!'e ran8e to hindlo the dsDeltt raDge of ths orl61Ds,1). Tbon plcture la1l6 oD too or 6bould;r and 1s tlnally coEpre!Bad. tt Thr.ough-gener8tloDs gralnlness eeul-addE. Thc graln of the orl8lDa1 ls ln pant add€d to th€ Braln of ths pr,lDt etock. The prlnt oey thus look l€8s eralny tban the oilglDal, or EoFe Eralny, gr JuEt dlllorently gralrry. Through generatlons sharpn€EB dlE1n1sbee. The unEharpn€ss ol thr or161na1 JolDs tb€ unsharpn€sa of thc 1eE6 and th; unsharp- tre8s ol the p.lDt stock, 1E th6 prlDt. ShaFpn€ss oay b€ booEt€d, borever, by boostlng contrast. Optlcsl prlntllg rlth ttte best 16n8€s onto r€latly€ly thtck €EuLsloD prlnt f1lEE aey be 6harper tha,D contact prlnt1ng. OeDeralLy optlcal prlntlng lsn't a€ 6harp. Plcturo degradatlon lroE 6eDeratloD to geDeratlgn could be arolded by EBklnB tho plcturce v€ry 1en3e, or by d18lta11z1Dg the!. But 1n thle oedlnE th6 orlglnsl, lntcruedlatc, aDd flDa1 plctures are all of thg Eeoe Blze, EBde 1D B1E1la,r rays, of e1E11er Eatcrlals. Be6ldeB the practlcal ccgDoEy, th€re 1s conceptual cconoEy 1n th16. Intultlons tranEfer €aslly froo on€ forEally ElElLar plcture phaEe to enoth€r. Thue oaklng the 6€neratlgn6 the s4Ee Ea,keE tbe! dllt€rent. Tbls LB the parsdox, or th€ folly, ol optlcal prlntlD8. D(poru.e Day cbrng. rlib EagtliflcdtloD. .l .bellor! fomulrn rorls tgr lort prlDtor Lansor t,nd Eott tliuElDe.itot rjrstrD !. It prgscrlb€8... BE,.I,OTS TOR{ULI EagD l tl catloD u=.1t tL.r8 8.25 k,t5 b.x u=,71 EI tLt.4 k2 t&2.8 lL4 x:5,T x=8 cottpaDsatloD cdd nD,50 add ND.46 tdil HI).4r add llD. ]f rdd tlD.25 ldd trD. 14 DOrlAI ralovo xD. l5 lsnorq xD. )5 tlEovc lID.56 roov. XD.8O P.6ov. NDI .04 raEov. lqDI .rl Blat "1 .fiipcr f, e tO Plctur!! lltc tblng! tail. ln EaDt rat!. BrlgbtD.lr !rd.! r!:. Brrdual arpoluFe chrDga! lcadlng to black, oi, starllDg fr"oE bl.ct lretllEg-lo nomal rrpo aurc. to f.da ou! rl'tb r poaltlv. orl61Er1. arDoluFr 1! d.cF.al'd' 'lth'r hv ritatlDr !D ftlt.ri to tho uorirl Drct aF blr olorlDg th. !buti'F' i6rJ ioi llch rnuc. rh.n tb. rD adar.it l! aolrYbrt atlFEcr thr! tui ufiof ol th. orlglDrl' tht! couDt. lr .rpolutt outoff' F.lDTII LOO FADE LINIAR FADE orBE rlDrS 14 fo f4d. out rltb a nagrtlva orl8lDql' rltb thr laDc cff.ct, .rposurc 1. lDcrae!€d, by lubtrectl!8 XD flltars frgE tbr Dot!61 pack, !o!. Eorg lrch frala. IhrD tha llD 6ubtnsotgd ls .oocvbAt darler tbaD ihc blrck of thr ot'191!41' thl! couDt. as axpolur. cutotf. tbla frdo 1! lEposslblr Ylthout an sbund.nt r€!!rv€ o? pnlat.r lllu[lnattoE. fb. Dorrsl p4ct oust ooDtah anougb f,D tor tba rrlova]. lu altcrnatlvc la dlrou6scd b.Ioy sftar dl!.ol,v6!. I f.dclD ls thc allpL! F.vorsc ol a fad.out. Tbr tradltloDrl fadc l! Eadr tFoE ! polltlyo aad 1! logarlthllo. Iltb ND llltcrs. log frdrout ls Ead. by rddlEg cacb rrl trEEc s, c.rtalD llouDt lore ND, Xltb t.oyerlal orlBlDal, t,Oo sdd.d a,bout coEpl,otcs tbe tedcout. For crllplr' a JO fraE. log fadeout ls E6d! by addlng ..10 ol XD .ecb fraE!. For qyGry llD vrl,uc tb.cr! 1. .n oqulvalcut lbutigr augle. Cbart C b€lor lhor8 thc aqulyal.nca8 ald 1! ritrptabl6 to aqt rbuttcr' A yarlBbl! lbuttor could bc celllbratrd ln botb dagr.c! rDd NDr!. But tovard tbc bottoE ot Chsrt C thc lEBu]lr .attl!€l ert too cloEe for ordlDatT Yarlablr lhutiar!. Lo!8 @ooth lo8 tad€s froE r.vcr:lsl orlll'Dal aF dlltlcult rltb Yarlabl.c sbutt,€ra. Hor€var, troE lDtcrpo6ltlve o!181Dal a fad. 16 flDlsb.d st about l{Dl .5o, qvol'dl!8 tbr dlffloulty. BOLE( VIRIABII SHUTTER lltbougb lt 1! EarE.d lD !top8, lt ls gonfl8uttd for aERulEr calllbretloD. OpqD 1! lrO"' Just croria-rs oo. xtar"y la 55o. Pcrccotegc o! full ceD bc subltltutctl tor d.8FraE. FlDe calllbrEtlon lhould uot bc rttcEpt.d for thcro 18 PlaY lD tbc Eacbanlgo. Th! ltncar fedaout, coDpaned rltb tb. LoB ladrout ot iba laEs 1su6tb, !tsr:t! dorar eDd tlB1!h.s ls!t!r. tlth s varlabl. thuttar a llDoar fadlrout tt![ . polltlvo orlglDal 18 Eedc by Eubtrectla8 racb Drr frrlo a cartrlD aDRlt. Fon llEpllcltt, tskc a llD€ar tadcout to ba oorpllt. at-Oe. For cre,lplc, rlib a l8O' lbutt.r c JO treoa llnrar taal c chaD8r! 5v aob freue. ID llltarg caD br ut.d to lalc a l'lDcer tadc' lbc fad. lt plranrd as 1l for I Yrrl!,blc lhuttcr aDd tbc! XD .qulvrlcDt! art fouDd lD Chsrt C. tDv rltdurl irrDllttoD brtr€au full crDgluFa aEd black 1r-ri oxDorum fsde. Tbc nloof", and ptttap! t'b! 'lcralngnr of r frd- itcDlEd! oa bor tbc arDoaur. cbaaSa! rlth tht lrr|.!. flDIS III ORIOINAL I fetl. E.d. fro! a !c.ar I'ool! dlEtlactly dltf'rrDt froE oDa nada froq a llh lEagc ot thc !c'Do ll tba lo.E. coDtalDa brlBbt h18h11gbts. Iadr fro! tho !ccD'' tb. h1Eb118bt! cblnc ol ibru thc FErludcr ot tbc !c'na - 1! pre6ttcltry blrcl. l{ail c ft'oD th. flh' thc b18h1l8ht! lo.liov th! otf,cr t18ht part'r ot tbc Plcturt' l) -,i:ti c NEU-TR;L DD{SITY AND EIUIVALEIT SIiUTTR ANGLE NEUTR-A L DE{S I TY o. 00 .05 . to .15 .2C .10 .45 .50 .60 . o5 .70 .90 t.00 I .05 l.l0 1.t5 1 .25 1 .1o 1 .15 .40 .45 .50 .55 .60 PECE.IT OF FULL SHUTTB, DE}REES FOR t 7Oo SHU TTER DEOREES FOR O SHU TT ER 1 .65 1-7o 1.75 I ool 89 .11 79.4/ 70 .8fr 61.1/ 56 .24 50 .|f, 44.?f, te.8/ 55.5f, 6.51 .4 5.62fr 5.o1fr 4.47fl J.98ft ,58i4 .41f, .26fr .121 .ooft ,89'tf, .794* .?01fl .1781 .158/ .141 .4, ?oo 520 ,50 o70 960 ii. 680 6oo 540 4eo lro i6o t49 10" 24o 21 .40 t9.to 1? no 15.2o 13.50 t2.oo to.7o i' io 6.8" 6. oo 5.40 4.80 4.50 1.80 i'.32 2, 40 2,144 .cto ;^o .520 .tsl .20v .960 aEO .7 6" .6g0 .600 .540 .18o . Lto . tgo ,f40 .loo .2P .2tP 1 .80 1.85 1 .90 1.95 2,00 2.O5 2. r0 2. 15 2.20 2.25 2.to 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.60 ?.65 2.80 2.85 Squlvalcnt Shutter Ogenlnes I of FUII Shuttcr 1oo 89.1 79 .4 70.a 13 .1 56.2 50.1 39.8 35.5 22.4 20 15.8 14.1 L2.6 11.2 10 4.91 7.91 7.O8 6,31 4.62 5. O1 3.16 18oo 180 1AO 743 r27 LI4 101 90 ao 72 a7 51 ao 36 32 29 25 23 20.2 18 14.2 t2.7 lt.4 r0.1 I B 7.2 6.4 1300 130 115 143 92 a2 73 65 52 33 29 26 23 n 18 16 15 13 L2 10 l ..R.icr to :trs c.art .rhcn .Lannine tln.ar i-a d.3 3n.l .ttssolrc!.+ 12ffl. r \ \P .1o.. . .rr . .2o., (4 stops ) .35 ''!1.40 - ,os. 1.50 (5 stoDs) +N.D. .oo -05 .10 -.3O (1 stop ) r.40' s .50. . - .60. (2 stops) -.65 r.7O ' \80, \.9O (3 6tops ) -. q5 \ t ,oo. ro5 209 I4A 132 117 105 94' 53 A2 37 33 30 24 2t 1_o I1 15 13 !2 11 3 Sroo t6 IX.AOE SI'PIRPOEITI ON In 8D oeanall coEblnstloD ot tyo lEaga8, tbr tuo can lEfusc rach otbcF r! ll8btDosE or aa da!.k!.!g, or tb.y can b! slopprd ontg oEcb otbor. Tb.ta sFa tbra€ baElc type6 of ltago ruporposltloD' naDtd sccortllug to hor thot ana Dsdt. Plcturr8 I & B coDblDcd by... (l) Doublc .xDosurc ft'oE Dosltlva!. Tho prllt lllE ' ' -a expol?FIETEc, o-i'cE-r:-i&T! po8Mve, oncc lroE B'6 po sltlvc ' (21 Doub16 .roo.ur6 t!€E lgFatlvc!. lhc DrlDt fl]E 1r axgolad tllce, oDca ft.oE A'8 Dogatlv€r oEco lrgE BrB Drgattva. (f) BlDeck. Ire flfE8, cltb€P lrg end B'i poeltlv.8' '-' 6-r-il?s a'! eDd B's Dc8&t1vr6' ar€ luEort€d toBetbcr lD tho prlntar 8atc. tb€ prlut !11E 1! orposcd oDca' fror thls Palr. lb. prlnt fllE 16 uDlpeclflrd. It 1. lE tb. flnal poalllvc Dr1!t tbrt thc thltr tfpr! of coablDatloD ir. coope'."d, e,nd tbcy lool vcPy dlff.Fut. For 8&H tb. dlltcrclce6 caD b. d€scr1b.d by boli to!c8 cgD b1Dr. urtb (l)r ll8btn.ss doElDsta!. lbcr. oDo toDt coDblDa€ yltb aDotbc. tolc tbs Flsult l! Drarly tha ll8htor of tbc lro t'oDc8. Ulth (2), deFlnr6a doEluatca' fhc rclult 1! Dearly tha darkor of tbr tro ton€s. r tfp. (f) ot e typr (l) !!d r typr (2) 1. Jur! r tvpo (]) .grlD. flth (r), tb.r. lE contrirltl?loattoD rblcb ooDplloata! gba toDa colblDallo!. If r blPrcl 1! ax.!lE.d r.l (uDprlDtcd) rh.reY.F bolh LEaB.! art clair tbr btDral ir ilcrr. Uh.r€v.r rlth.r 1!s8€ 16 blacl tbc blp.c[ 1! st loalt tbrt blact. utcrrYar botb 1!36at arc bleck !h. blPect 1r doubly blrcl' lb. blPrcE' rilob ioorrrr itant' bs! a toEal ra!B' doubllng tb'! or tbr riirglc l|egci. Tb. blpac: 1! ulprlDtabl. lD tot'o. To rbltt3ot r plotur. fro! tb. uDprhtrblc blPrct ;;!rai"6 -xpoairrc 1! ttploally lDorcrs.d- l-l ltoP!' litu + itopi lncrcarc,'ihcro clcu .Dd blaoE colucld' prlEt! r! I darl Erry rould-Doi a ol.rr dollDltloE ii oftlcr llghtDr;! 6r darkncaa. flth 2 !top! lncr'l!' thar. 1. alsrkDQ!t dgElqatlon. Il tba blprct 1! prlntld oDto glDEa t r.tcrlrl''.to roduo' ilc ooutrirt io DbFrl' 1t 1! r tru€ toDal blcndlr' rltboua dollD&cc, o! iha tto LEa8.!. lr tba 8r8pb! b'lol iiJi, -iu.- s"tt^-i'bipaor 1! th. !-rn bctrccn tbc t'ypo (t) rDd tlrpc (2) doublc atPolur.l. o^flr l BIPICE r^rctDdllt LY 17 Four ldoallzcd Erepb! luEDarlzc tbe tbtlc. bsllc ttpcE o! suprrpo!ltloD and tba 6a!Ds t blpact. Ersrpl€ | .l bas d.D3ltt .75 rDd B ba6 drEalty l.?5 lD oD€ plac.. FDon tbr tlrlt grepbr lha doublc arposuro troE polltlve8 bs€ dcEllit rbout l.o 1n tbet plec6. 9.rraI'ft. q For a doubla crpolut! lt docsa't DBtlcr rblcb rxpo 8ur€ 1' iir.i' or tlrt ilnc lcparat€6 thr tro. ID !oE' Dultl-h'ed oDllc;l Drlntar!, u!1!B r b.lr-tpl'lttrr' tb. tro 'xporulrl! e'rc clnuitrnrou!. fltb.r rEy' tbc tro l1l'!! crn ba ladcpcudcotly tdJu!t.d tor axpo.ure, fllt.rcil' 'tc' For a blDich lt doaln't Eattar rblch fllE 1! lD froDt' l1!o iil i"" -iti-ui - opi rcarr v lDst.ad ot D!chaDlcallt blprckcd' ii-"Jii rri ti:uiio -optiiar pFlot.rs tb. flra!-arc.1u.laparrt' .iitr"l-o"""-p"ojcctriu uccoilrg tbc otbrrr' 11lu!1!4tlon' IE E-iitifi-p.ritt'.i onc flln nii 5o rn tbc 6rtc and tb.c othcr lD ir,"-r[i.{l-ir iront or thc irln! frln. ^tny rsy' thc tuo f11n! !b8t; onc sxposuro adJultErEt rnd flltt'atloD ' SPEC I.TL ORIOINALS t6 lhen f11u6 vltl be phy6lcslly blpeckod th€y should llrBt b€ r{1p6d rlth a lubrlcatlnS lllo cleaner. Tbls ts good practlcc for all optlcal prl!tlEg rho! dcllcat. o11B1E6l,6 r6cclro bsavy baldllDg, E(I'OSURE COI{P!!|SATION For 8upc4o61t1on6 troD raDdoE plctor1a1 orl8lDal€: For doublc oxposuFgs, tb€ ttplcal cxpoauro adJu.tErDt 18 oD€ Etgp ot dccreasc troE DoEal, durlD8 cach orpo aur€. Ylth ih16 adJuctDsDt a doubl€ 6xpoBur6 of plctur t eltb plctur€ A 18 the Ea!€ 8a a !1D81e !or:!a1 exPo6ur€ ot A' For blpac!6 tbcre 16 Eo r€o1pc. Dxposur€ adJu6tE€lt 18 €xtreEcly dcPsDd€Dt gD Yhlob toD9. colDcld€ llth rblch. Tbo-sdJustEent 1s aD llcraasc troD Dot'D8l. In lRnoraDco oi tbc orlalDels (rbt?) aBd l8Dor4lca of ttc lDtcDtloDs (thy?l 8ur!6 21 6topE lucrra!!. Ho .rpoaure adJustDoEt caD Egke a blpEck o? plcture I Hltb plctur€ A tb. .8Ee-rE p1cturu i prlatsd tbc 6s.De. But a 6aDEe f blpscl-ot plature A rlth plctur€ A 1! tbo saEc a6 plciuro r For sup€rposltloDe not trgE raDdoE plctorlsl or1glnal! toE6s ;l8it lot cooblle at alt. One lEage !18bt lall on the oiber'a black' or cl€ar, eBd €xpgaure coDpeDsatlon 1E dlffct.glt, porh8ps UEDC c€ 6 aerlr. ltb 3p€c1el' r16ged, orlglDals sup€rpo61t1on 18 not laaB6 coEblDatlon tD the carl16!' 6€na€ but lEaEo apportloDEcDt -- lEpleltlngs aDd 8upp1aDtlnge. Ibo r.ules ot ioD. coEblaetlon stlll epply, but trlvlally' ead a alEpl€r toglc prcYall!. Doubl. .rpolllg fror polltlv€8, rh.rt ole llagc 1! . - blrct the-oth€; brBc lPpclr!' uDatlrctcd bt tbr doublc crDoauF!. fbar. oDG 1D8gc 1! v.ry 118bt lt appaar!' hrtitly affactcd bt tb€ doublr cxpoluF!. Doubl. cxDo!1DB troE n.gatlvrs. rb.rc oro llrgc (tbo ploturc, iot thc tUE) l! c1.ar tbc otbor llaga rpp.ar!' uDsftcctril by tbr iloubl. .xpo!ur!. a drt avcD tono, tba othrr o.pt for brl8htDc.!. Iht rlndor! for th. otbtr tllB. Bh axtra arDoluFr, to laclcscd YlDdor ot tb. otb.r Thc rost.rtralo crlar of rt8gcd or181aa1! llYolra h18b contrrlt Dr!l!' alaou!!.d balol. IETN'RIUO tD.. blD8cl. r! baBc,of a plalD vbllr aurtac!' , lhorlB8 Jult itr trriurc, llprrta tbl! tutur. to tbe ot'b'n 1!a8r' r9 XIJLTI-DCOBURE TrlpLc, quadruplc, rtc. Dul!r,pla .xpo!u!!a ar. !4d6 llEllenl,y to doubl! !rpo!unr!. ft tblFc rould br 5 axpolup!! lroD th€ !s!c or.Dcarl,y tb. a6!r orlglDrl, tbcD cach alould Fcalva l/5 nonal crpoaurc. FIla Cbart C, t/5 ot trJiL lbuttrr rquatB ID:?O colp.Dlattou. Xono lllclt tba ortguals ar.€ lpeclal, aDd thr oo[paDlatlou leac. HULTI-PlCf, Inlpacl!, quadrlpacl!, ctc. rn! u!.88!48rabl! lD stlpLr oDtlcrl prlDtars. lor luoh .tfrct! lDtcFedlEt! prlDts Eust be tad6. For .taupla, io qua,dplpack ArB,OrD Eat. pt'lnt€d blprckB of .t rltb B aDd C rltb'I'-aEd blpact tbalc tro prhts. lb. ot{cr of tha o116lDa]! dor!Drt rattcr. lluRl! BUPERPOSITIoN Of tbs tbr.a type8 ouly (l), tha doubl! cxposurr tro! posltlvaq corFaapgDdE to Do6!1b1. calar4 or181ua: AD orl8lDal doubfr arpoEura lsdr tro! tyo rlal acaaGs 1! prrctlce]ly tbo sa!. 8s r prlrtrr doubla lrpolunc lrdc tlo8 posltlvc 1Ea8!8 of thc !ccn!!. Typs (2), th! doubla cxposun froE Dagatlvor' le aa rrtltsct ot thr 'rlog llnrarn na6poDlc ot ur8itlvr ll}[ !. Itp€ (t), thr blp4ck, l8 au artltrct ol tbc traDspa.cDclr of flIE lDagr!, st lra6t oEe of tbaE. Typo (l) ls Daturers auprr. Prtsrllg olr€ rtrball prcalucar lucb luparpo!1tlon!. FLISHINO Doubl. "rposlDg aD larga vlth Do L!r8. -- .otrc llght -- ll8htrDo (or rtth coLo!.aal 1lgbt aBd colo! prlEt fll!, color6) tbc blael! !,!d derlrr toac! rtll! bivllg llttlr ctfact oD Elddlc touc! cDd rvrn lc!! oD ll8bt!. It, 1! lrot a truc ratbod ot coDtralt ratl uc t1o!. Scpla tonlDg caD be llnulrtcd bt both color flashh8 lnd color f llterlng rhcn prhtlDg B&U orlglDel onto colot' lovsr6el prlDt !11! A b.sltby yrLlor' E4Sonta' or cJratr tl'rlb rh.n prlDtlng olto color t'avellal fll! ylctd!, ralpactlv.ly, tho ycllor, Eegcata' or cyaD 18a6., a! lf thls dtr :,4!r€r rqc prlsqd froD tb€ orl8lDal t114. lb.rr 1! Do pbotogrrpblc rotbod lor uDtla8hlng 8 fL3!h.d tErg.. fhcrr ls bag. rddltlo! (doubl,. arpo!unr) aDal lrag! lultlpllostloD (blpsol) rld .r.n lEag€ dlyl.loD (blpasE o! Do!t!lv! rlth Dogatlve), but Do hage rubtr:8ctloa. gof,tRlst IDJUSII(E{! Olqrr! .dd or rubtrrot lD . blD.cl. .o blDrctlug ca! rdlult ooEtFr.i. I blDaot (DrlDt.d 8r!!4 t otr yl.r.d rlr) of rD orl8llal rlth lt! ilupllcrt. l. lltc r iloubla oo!trr!! ort8lErl. /l blDaol of aD orlEual rltb ltl lor ooDlr8lt Drgatltr l. 11lr - a dirtcuod raduc.il coDtrslt orl81na1. 'fhc blprcl ol eD ot181Dr1 rlth lt! ts18b coDtrilt B.gatlic ta llt. r Sabattlar lolrrlzrtloDl co',oR lx.roE gu?ERrosrrroN .20 lh.ro arc tb€ aart thrga ballc ttpas. Doublc axpo!ura t!9o po!ltlvre gtvr! raldltlrt oolor rlrtura. Blprok 1!g tlxtuPg. glY€ 6 ( Ybea !o-callod subtnactlvr oolo r blprckl!g co:.or D€Eitlv.. tb. YIIOHIIO DOUBLI TPOSURES rxtr8 ota,D8s ralE lbould ba ErutPsllz€d by fl1!.FlDg. ) Doublc expo!ure tt'oD ulgatlvo! 8lvo6 loDothlrg .Lar. For Sret! lD tbe tro loagr.' coEbluatloD l! rr ?or il&H. But for color6, Dot oulJr rrr Drr colors p!'oduq.d but epparcnt bPlShtDc!.cE do Dot colblD. qult,c thc !8!. a! tor 8+H. tb. dt.r lD tFatt!! CC tutlr! Y'I'C ar. s1!11;r to tbo!. lD color t11E!. Fll! colorg ca! b. slDulat.d by pscks ot tbaBc tlltrr! sDd ruch caD bs ltemcd about fllE color [4DlpulatloD lroD tallllarlty rlth tb. flltar! cDtl tbclr coEblDatloEB. EraEplr l: IEEE€ I ls orenga (cczoOI+CClOOlt) - Ioegc E 16 blu€ (CC!OOX+CC2OOo) Doubl. axpoguPo trgE Do6ltlv€8 ElYa! a rrlpbcrrt coloi ( ccTox+rD.lo ) Doublc lrpo!ut! ftgE Dc8atlv.! 8lYae a. lalrly dart gr.yl!h Br.rn ( CCToI+CC?Oo+NDI .OO) Brpaci, illb i rtop crpocurc coEp€DlrtloD' glv.! e llddle gP€Y (NDl .lo) ExaEple 2: Ilsso I t! Daxl|uE !:od ( C9?59II9C?29!) -. Ioago B 1r DAxlDu! SrtrD (CC25oY+CC25OC) Itoublo lrpoEunc fEoD po!1t1vc. glva! yrllor - ( cCz2OIalID., Douulc cxiorurc froE ;sgatlvc! 81v.! blrcl ( CCIoY+ND2.20 Blp.ct' ritb ) rtop cxPoaure ooEpcDlatlon, 81v'r ' bipYll (cc9oY+[Dl .6 ) EaEDl. ,! IErBc ll 1E a flcBb ( CCroI+CC2o}{+CCl OC ) - tnesc B 18 rkt (0c6ox+cC6oc) Doubl.r .rpolur€ froE polltlvc! glYc! (CCr 2Y+ CCt6n+AC1?Cl Doubl' crpo!ur' iiot iiiitrvtt Elv'3 ( ccr 8y+cc45x+cc58c ) nip.ct, titu I ctop cxPo rurs coDpaD6atloq 81va! ( cc5ox+cc60c ) Drg60Lv$t EFFECTS DISSOLVES l allalo]v! b.gln! Yltb oEa plctunr. tb.D a locoDd plcture gFdurllt rppqsrr, rll orrr tb. tra[., sbert! tb. trrlc ,lth tb. flrlt Dlcturr, aDd graduallt rcplaccE lt. lb. tr.dltloDrl d1!!oly. 1s a llDultrnaou6 (doubla arporcd) Iln.rr fadrout of tb! llrst lorgc sDd llDran tatlclD of tbr !.ooad, lrda fros DorltlYa llagc!. I s|Eults!€ous IoB fadrout aDd log--fadslD latrs qultc q lulpy dlsrolv! (bccoElDB drrE !1drat' froo posltlvE 1Es8o6)' R.gula!: dlloolyc! er. plaDDatl as 1l lon Yarlabk lhutt.rs. lt €rcb frarc tba shutter aDglas for thc tYo €xposult! luat 6uD to th. full sbuttcr en8la. ND rqulvslrntt caD ba tour:d lD Chsrt C rld ND fllt.r! caq b. u6!d to Dalr tb! dl!8o1Y.. It 1! uot E.c.ErlrJr lor tbo tad6out 4Dd tbc tadclD to be thG laEa oF cv€D of tbc €aEe iypc. luy cbosr! tsdcout ha! . coDplc[cntary fadalD ( lound by 6ubtrectloa6 trot lull sbuttrr aDgla), rDd Ylcs Yar6B. I dl6rolve tto[ Dc8.t1vq o!181ur1! 1! rad. bt prctradllg tbry ara polltlv€s aEd follorlD8 tho Dcthod for poEltl"rs. Uo dl.colva Eaitc f.o! na8Atlva orlEllrl! l11l loot tb! raEa 4a a dlBrolvc Eadc troE tb6 correEPoDdlDB po6ltlY€ o.161D31!. DlEsolvas a!\9 Eraat 6Eootbcrg, not oDly botYceD sccE€s but betxsoD "cffoctE". For €taEplc' e dlseolva bet166D a plcturc 1lluE1Datcd tbteu6h oD6 cofor lllt€r aDd tbe ssEe (EyDcbt'oDtzed) plctura ll,LuElDst.d tht€ugh alother color fllt.r DskcE a slur of coloratloDs -- a Etralgbt llae eourEo tb!'ough color apacr -- betycaD the tro. A dlsrolve botYr€D 4 plcturs pogltlv€ aDd tb6 aaEo (6JrDcht.o!lzrd) pleturc EGBatlY€ lorEs a plctorlal bridgr lroE polltlve to DcgatlY€' Tbo brld8r 1r ot strEBS€ 8tutf. Th€-a1l-Brey plqtur€ 18 Dot oD tbe ray. The Eontloued straags Etuff 1a r€ElD1ec.nt ot Sabatt16r 6o1arl,zatloq a8a1!. fho doublc €tpoaur€ of a plcturo rltb 1i! neBstlv€' prof.rably oDto coDtPsstt fllo' glv€8 a rovarElDB tonallty;- Dat'E tblnEE becoE€ llBbtor ahaa Elddla tonc thlngs, Yblch reoaln dark€r then llBht tbln88. FADE8 FROI{ NEGAIIVE Il i dlslolv€ la Ead. botr€rn 8 D€Eatlve or181Da1 eld E cLrar (or orEngc) fr'lE tha Pc6u1t t'lBcEbleE a fsdooui. For tho isd.out to Fs'EbIc a log f&d'out a speclal dlseolv€ 1s roqulrcd' Tbo clcsr fl1E 18 fad;d ln rDpnoxlE4talJr loBarltholcally' end th6 uoBatlvc 1E fad€tt out coEploD€nt4rlly' 2? COLOR E(POBURE TESTINO lbo esrLlcr dlscu66r'oD6 of axpo€utre 3pply-&s r€II to lli"i "irntrns crcopt that Dov color and brlEhtncBr a !'e iirulti.uf". iho adiu6tE.nts art oade prloertly rlth cc l11ter! and ND fllt6r6' r ccY-- fllter rorka FouEhly 11!e aE ND'-- flltcr on juii-tl" blu€ part of tba sPectruE, rbllc !ot. elfsctlDg f,be reet ol th; spcctru.B. illEllsrly a cct't -tlltrr cutr ii" "i."o .na s cbc tllter cut! the rsd' ND -l1l'tcr6-^ JiirE'ii-"ii"r"aiio ui cc lllt€r!' For cxalplc' ND''c ii-i"iirt- iEioiicc roil* ccroc ' tbl! !l1ElDatlon 16 !i3ii'iii"ii6"i .nE jrrsuu'v lnrcrlor 8p'ctrallv' color edlustoeDt! a!'e Dadc !rcoDdarlly rlth UV tlltcr!' in-iiriii", ard baod rcJtctloD filt''r!' ls rlltb B&H' cornscltoD ol ElEetpolcd orlglDal!-lhould il ;;;; G -;.;ii.. -."tu.t tban latcr pr{ntlqs !t'ps' FoF e Ee!€ral color .xPolura dctrrllnltloDt tbG tclt or161ua1- ""il"ia"i!-l-''.ii:lipiii!i - iii'-J i- lui rorc"int tlDd' pr'r€rabrt iriu i""i. erege of'pcgr-o€utral old-toaso' lon. a loDE sqrlr6 of t96t orint le aoEpat'od rlth thc tli orr*luel i8 loss d'!1rabl€ ttlca oi tb. or181De1. Tbe ot €a6y. t bv val'ylag cC aud [D EoparatqlY' veited.- A cC Yalur 16 llxod aDo loDB tbe Dorc d l ttl cult ' of f-urlgutnce" Plctur'8 eD't color P16turr r' lhlE lrsd! oD. add.d to tho CC gu'!! Tbc l? CC Yarlstlona X tb. 9 llD YariattoDs = q ll' tt.aEc toEt. ooo o to 020 oto to o lo lo o o o o o o ro 20 o ro ,o 0 200 o 20 lo o20?o o 20 'o o loo o ,0 lo oro20 o to ,o to o o' ro o 10 r00?o roorc ro to o ro 20 0 ro ,o o 2000 20 0 lo 200 & 2001o 20 to o &200 20roo ,oo o to o lo lo0 4 ,oo ,o lo lo o ]o20o ,ofro ?1 +lf t ,qH . lor 2qr lgY 2qx r ol,t lpc ' 2Qc + +Y I Jolnt colop eud brlEbtD€ls trlt ls r Dct lprcad ovrr th. Lo8lcst rogloa arouDd rtl lDltlal guc!!' to catcb th. rlgbt tIPO lUFt. Thr ,7 ltnG tclt lD tba .ra.apla ls a ratbar flnc lo-zo-fo Dlt uasbLG ybr! tihar. l! felr cotrlldoDcr ln thc lnltlal 8uo!!. Hh.! tb.rs 1! bcttcr coDfldcDc! lD thr guaE! tha tast could bc abrldgrd to. t9 11n! 'lo-2o D.t (by oEtttlBg tb! llD.s rltb Jo'r) eud tb. D va!:letlonr allo lraluoad. Vr!.t flla lDcroEcD tB tro colo r lD r.p ldly r,ud CCO25 edJu!t!!Dt! to color oxpo!ur.' roqultlnE lart! Ylth tlDar tbrD CCIO rDd ND.lor rrc oDlt JuEtlfl.d YhlD cxporuFa! !u!t lrtct lD tro part! of oac frr!!, or rucccadlDg frllas. l! rbsolut! rdJust'E€Dt!, coo5 ara too lllrlt to b. dlt..taal bt tbr Plocqlllng lib. th.n th.r. 11 ltttl. .orfld.!c. 1D tbo Sucs! th! l0-2o-)o D.t couldl b. lodlft.d tr r ...r..r 2o-ao-6o DOt (bt doublhg l'lt y.lu.!, lDoludua tbr fD nrlrtlo!.). thl. 1! lttll r ,7 IlDc t.st. .l I o-2o-t0-4o- 50-60 D.! r ulil Fcqul!'a r prlBtullt loDg obart (251 llncal). I tlro aDd roD.y aDil tltr problaE arllc!: riltbcr to do tba hu8c tolt |rril alata:'llDc tb! !18bt .xpoauF. Dor' o!. to do a ooar.c taat and.hott dat.t:!l!r t'bc rl6bt .rDolura .Dd D.rhrp. hrva to do a tlu.r !at.tt. othar talt rlrla! can br daal6nad rlth lpaclflo 8orll. ,ll.o tb. vrFlattoar caa ba lloor?ontaA lDto tba 8u.tl' lsthat tbrn lddad oD, for llptoYad rccu!:3ot. 25 CC PACf, RIDUCTION tlur ooLbllttlou ot CCI, CCM, CCC. rDd rl.o CCn- .cd ccR cru b. rcducld !o . Drirly .qulvr,l.Dt "oiliaiii;r ot Jult tro ol t.ba flrlt, tlDd. -rDal rono fO. ------- X.tbod: l. oheag. CCB to CCI{+CCC cbsD8. CCC tp CC !+CCC ch&g€ CCR to CCY+CC}| 2. rdd to8eth.r rll CCY rdd tog.thqr all CCX r,dd tog.thrP rll CCC ,. rblchcvlr of thr tbrra t1Ed. hr. tbc orllr.t totrl lD .t.p 2 lr allllDrtrd. .lD aqual .,EouDt ol ID 1r fddcd. .aD .qual arouut lt lubtractcd tr.oE tha rorlahg tro llnil! ln !t.p 2. 4. couEt tbo DuEb€r ot CC flItlr! 1D tbo lDltlal aDd fllal psck6. If tbr DuDb€r ba8 lDcraalod eubtract ND.04 tlDo6 th6 lBcf€alc. If thr DuEber has decrrascd add fD.O4 tlE.€ tho d ocraa6e. DaEpl€: Roduc€ tb6 pecE CCzOY+ CCI OC+ CCAOR l. pack becoE€8 CC2OY+ CCt OC+ CC4OY+ CC4O 2. pack becoEs! cc60Y+ccAot +ccloc ,. pack bocoBcs CC5OY+ CCrOl,l+ND. to 4. pack b€qoErB CC50Y+ CCfoM+ND. I 4 HIOH CONTzuSI PRINTS the trchDlquog for prlDtlDg oDto h18b coDt,t'a.t (EaEElDg) stockE aF€ 11ttlr dltf€relt troa tbocr for prlDtlDE oDto 10r contrest (plctprial) ltock8. fbc bl8b coDtrs€t st,ock 1ts€lt 1! th. toDc-d 1 tfa roD ca- axaBgcFqtor. On! BFy toD. lD tbc on181Ds:, Eat prlut uDcbaDgad -lE-tbc blBh coDtra!i EaBrtlvc (b1ooD). !oDr6 a ]lttlr darker thaE thlt oDc lD thr orl81D.1 brcoEo Euob llgbtar lD thr bleoD. toDos Euch darker theE tbc oDe lD ibc grlglDal bccoDc cfear lD thr hl co!. toD.6 e llttla 118htar tbaD thr oE€ h tb6 orlglDel bocoEc Eucb dartor lD tbc hlcoD. toD68 Euch 116btcr tbaD thr oDo lD tbc orlSlDrl bacoEc blacl lD tbc blcoD. HICON E(IOSURE CONTR.AST BUILDINC STES HICOT SPECELE 26 r1!t lreE s contlDuoua toD€ 62 otock caD bc drveloped to stop! axtre qrposur€' rlEloD s 61y prlDtrd cleer onto ?f62 61on8 thlcb plrYldl BIY PrlDt€d dErk 8r€y oelo 7162 r.111 nor prllt bleck. lll, but about a three stop ran69 of tgnes 1! thg gr18lE6l Drlnt cl6Ar or black ta tie 7162 blcon. AdJu8tlng the ixpoaure adJusts rhero tb18 bluDt "cut" occur8 1D thd o11ElDal. Erpoaure 18 soEerhat d€p€Ddsnt gn pt!coEs1D8-tlEe' iiiperetur'c, and a8ltatio!. It 1e gtrcDBly d'poldent oD uv lll tret lon. ln .xpo6urc test lE Eede by pPlattng tbc or181ne1 ,oDto the hicon 6tock at a lonE rcr168 ol c1o8€1y spaced- eipo""ree. Thc orl81EAl and prlDt-Hcd8€ ar! l6pt tor r€fe roD ce. A hlcon DrlDt of a blcoD prlDt lE aD 6reggeFatlon of an exi88eratlon ot toDe dltf6renc€s. ' or blacE. If thc flrst blcoD had gaEEE 4, tbe 8€coDd blcoD bad €ff€ctlve EaEDa 16, ths tblnd bad 6lt€ct1ve gaooa 64, and oo oD. Att.r ,' 4, or 5 hlcon Een€ratlonE a hlgh coDtralt uaii rg'a.i'r".a frcD th; qoDtlnuous toDe orlEl!41' It 16, pFactlcaUy' all cl6ar and black' No a!.ea ol Elddl€ loDc aurvlY€B 8!D6ratloD elter SgDeretloD 6i iiAz. ItE grBlllleao Eakee 1t not a 61Dg1e toE€' so i[r"-tooe patt6ro le Eade gtark€r and qoarg€r by €acb "ooi"""i uurtalug 8tep, bocoEln8 a blAck and cl€aF spockl'' fo aygld sDecklc, 6xpoaurs Duet b€ adJu6t€d at aD ssrly "i.o. uefoie tueic fi btack aDd eI€er 1! tho patt€lal' to fori6 tlc Yholc ar6a to c168r or to b1acE' Tg pt€ogt€ 6pccklg, stposuttg 1s adJuat€d to bold tbe ar€a lD the Br€ys th t'ougb aov€ral stop8. 27 TONE ISOLTTION LOCIC OF I.LASK 2. t. COMBINAT ION Th6 part8 ot Ln orlglnal vhlch share a 61nRlo toD€ cBn b€ lsolat€d by a hlcon Eaek derty€d froo tEe ort;ln;l es follois (all prlntlng st€pE betnt exect t:iji'---- t. II{IOE SPREAD AND BLOOX Eake a D€gatlve hlcoE f!98 the orlglnEl tltb 9rpo6uF6 sgJu8ted to EAke tho choeA! toue Bo 1lgbt, lrh1le toD6s aoEoHbet llgbter tbBn 1I 8o dafk i blpeck th€ orlBlnel Hlth the ro6ult of I, prlDtlDe onto hlcoD legatlvs; Bddltlonal coEtraBt bulld1!B Et6pB aB nocessary. Hlcon oEsks b€1Dg a1l clear end black ob€y s1Bpllf1ed !'u1o B of sup€rpo61tlon. Ulth epproprlete €xposure, prlntlng onto blcon nsgatlv€, tb€ rulea ar€ | t. In doublg sxpogur€, vbgr€ the!.e 1s black 1D both or161Da,l8 becoEee cl,car. fh6 rest becoEes bl. ack. 2. ID blpack, rhere tb€r€ ,,8 cleer 1D both orlglnals becoEeE b1acl. The reEt bgcoDe6 c1ear. For Eask6, double expoeure and blpack are lntlEately rel4ted by th6ee tro BooleaD RuLcs, rhlch refe. to tb€ xboLr of th6 Ea6k (a11 prlDtlut etepE b€1ng exa,ct t 3l ) ! l. Tb€ le6atlve o! the n€gatlvc of A 1s th€ eaE€ aa A. 2. The rEH (unprlnted) blpeqk ot the negatlv€ ol A Hltb th€ negatlee ot B lE th€ 6a@6 a6 the Degatlve doubls expoeur€ of A aud B. Theee tyo rules en4blg blpacko tg be 911!1!atgd for double expo6ur€€, aDd ylcg versa. Larg€ Eultlipecks, rhlch erg lEpractlcel, 4re 61lE1Dsted for ler6e Eultl-rxposur€s, lrhlch are prectlca,l. Epotlng e hlcoE prlut lroE r! alraedy blcou 'rorlBlnal' scrE! DoD-crltloa1. Blacl bccoEa! claar aDd claer bacoua3 bleck ovar lavcrel stops ot arpolunt cbaugq. HoYcYcr, Eort ot thelc rrpolur€3 a!r! oYaFlrpoauF!3 xblcb arall erd lprr.d tb. l'l:caa o! blacl LEaBc. Vlth thc fllrlt 2 or , stop! ot ov€!:lxpoaura tbr !pr"4d la Elor.gscoplc. 8.yoDd tblg tha .dgc6 ol .noe. glyc out rDd po!1t1valt blooq. Bfoo! 1! pn.tty. It 1. tbc rcrutt ol botb l.D! dlffr.ctloD rDd flID brlrtloD. It blDt! tbrt IurtlDS uDdrr rvcrt that? arpo !ura' DrDt ttpp! tlom, ir r rccoDal.it prtt.m of arpoluFc eproadlag ov.l. tba rbola f n!a. }{AsE .tND COUNTm}{IST 28 BlooE Eoko! lt llpo.alblc to !6psret6 dat*cr tonc! o! B coutlDuous tono orl6lDal rltb a hlcoD pFlnt bt brut6 fgrcG ol lxpoaurc ddJultE€nt. IE.gc Eprlad 1! thr rrsult ol 9d86 uDlbar?Dess of both Iens sad lllE. It EakoE thc hlgh contFalt pbotoBlBphy of tlny drtallB, 11k€ llD€ prlnt' d l lfl cul t. Rsy.F6el D!:oc!6s€d blcoD cen .bor lEa8c 8bP1Ek .! YetI 4; 1EaE6 spraad' aDd at €xactly the rlgbt cxpo6uro, ne lthcr" Usuelly gvgr€xpoBlng tbg hlcoD 16 uDD.c.5!any. Not ouite blact black! lDdlcetcE a !a!9 €tpolure' aud ill tbat 1E D.€dcd It th.r€ 1111 b€ e lat€r hlcoD gaDcratlo n. A hlRb coDtrslt Deaatlv€ prlDt Dadc at €xsct l:l iroo"a hleh coDtra;t Dask 1B lts 'couDtcnarkn' E act l:l reproductlon (dlscus!.d rbov€ ln AIXFRfUI) ls tb€ flPBt toqulP6DoDt for Sood fr.ttlu8 ot thc palr. HsvlDB acbloY€d cxd,ct l:t r€prioductloD, psrfoctloDl!t! Ylll ;ot,1ce tbat lEs8e apFcsd cau.r! s !118ht Ellllt ol Drsk sDd couEtelra6k, tbe blsci rc8loDr 611gbt1y ovcrlapplDS. Tbn66 YatE srouDd tblB are: i,'to-u"" tb€ .harpast le!! rnd fltE (vl2. 7169)' or b€tler Jrot, to oontact prlDt rltb th16 fllEi 2, tg Eakr tba couDt6rE8sk rlth lprcad ta uau4l rhllr s,lso reEEtlDB the Eask' bt DnlEtlDE lt flr8t elth crccallte (doublo) !pr€6d aDd tbeD prlDtllg that, tlth uEuel sProad; l. io uge ;cverga] plgc6B6ad blcoD t! dlecurs.d bq Io r. ChenSla8 the EagDlflcatlo! calnot cort.oct sprcadlnS' REVERS3L/NEITM FII1ING A bcautlful trtc! allors v.11-fltted Eask Pa1r8 Hlthout cxact l:l !€tup. lboy rrr Ea66 by ctpo.lng tro lcDgths ot 1162 troE' the .8!a blcoD oplelDel ullER thc ldoDtlcal (uDdllturbld) !atup. o;c-l€DBth ts-procr.!6d !e6atlYr aDtl t'hr otbsr 1! orpccEaid reveiaal. Tbat arr th! Dq.k and countcr.naek. Tbc orl8lnal Eay bo dlscardgd' Fon p€rfsctlon, EI18bt aproadhg 1r equal to th. r.vcr8al prftt. crpoguto. err rdJultcd so tha oi btack 1n thc ncgrt,l"r Prlnt lllght .pr€adlDg of clcar 1! thc 29 FITTHE.ED X.t3T9 II'IIOE MARRIAGE Thl! pr.obLoE atosr aboy! lq IINrRAHE, EtEDt"- an optlcal prlntcr xltb uDEAtchcd caE€ra, a;d-' gitr ttglEtrstlon Each4trlsE6, bov.yar axogllaqt they Eay bc, l! dooocd to rrBlatrstlon dct€ctr ln lo€t.ft€ct8. If Eesk aDd couDtatlrst tr! lott-catBed tnetcad ot hrttd-rdRcd tb€n they blcld llstesd of flt, aDd tbls t! blgh),y tolrrs;t ot rtBlBtretlgn dotrcte aDd lD€xsct l!l l.faklDg a palr vlth Eultebl€ sottnGs!GE 1o lgt qssJr, hor€var. OD€ caDDot be e hlcgn prlnt of tbg other. E9ED a gaEna I Dsgatlve gf e Boft-€alged Eask r11l Dot bave bleDdebl€ roftlese A Eethod 1Dvol.v6a EellDg gaEEa 'l pgsltlv€s froE e bad-€dggd oaek I,B1r, prlnted out ot focu8, Il gaEEe I r.yers8l (?)51) doee Dot hav€ .u!f1c1€Dt blecE, Degatlve-pos1tlv€ (7214-7166) doea. IDetead of sctuElly EaklDg !oft-edg€d DsEke, tb€ hari-€d8ed EaskE, detocuBed, caD tuDcilon a6 !oft-sdg6d. 8lnce ths uEual use gt lask palrs 16 lD blpacko Hltb plctures (lfilcb thouldDrt be d9locussd) tbls Ea,D€uv€r requlree clther a prlDt€r ca,Dere lrblch tak€B a blpack or ED "aarlel lDagan ttrpc Eultl-be4d optlcal prlDter, ID sacb ot tb6r€ tbo Iblpecked'r tllEB e,rc sepBrated. HlpeE, ln8€rtB, splltgcrreD€, colorad t1tl.eB, ctc. arr all exanples of th€ EBDe techDlque. One plcture lE blpacled cltb one Eask snd thls la €rposcd oDto a plctorlal prlut f1lE. lnotbsr plctur. ls blpached Hlth tbg counter-oask aDd thls ls cxposed onto tbe aaEe fratlcE ot pr'lDt tIlE. Tb€ Ea.6k aDd couDtGl8s6k partltloD thc freE€ lor the tro plcturcE. There 16 !o black p€Elon ead no rcgloD ot plctgrlel double sxpoaur€ 1! the prlDt. lny pelr ot Eask and count€rlaskr rhcre oDe procegdE Bnadually troe ell clcar to atl bl4ck (the other troE al,l bla,ck to all clesr) dellneE a ulpe. "Proce€ds 8t€duellyrl 1e BubJ€ct to lntst pr€tstlon. Pl.etty learlt all fall lDto th16e catgeo rlc 6 ! I. Oae r€EloD talc€8 lts sbape ftoD tbe thlEEE plcturtd rlthl! lt. II. ODc rrgloa trkc6 ltg EhBpr tloE tbo tb1n88 plctuFd arouDd lt IIf. Olc rcglon takos 1t6 shsp€ ft'oE 6oE€ uot-plctuttd tbln8. IEEBe EArrlEEe€ III 50 r.{-6r aLICENESS HICOD PROCE!}6INC For 6ucccsslul lEag6 EsrrlaEe tbe blsck ol th6 blcon Eaek Bhould b6 about r 6tops darker tbaD tle black qf th€ ptctur€ ublcb r1lt flll the bleck ne61on. HICONS FRou COLOR ORIOINAI,S 7162 ll].s lE 8eDB1t1ve to blue l1gbt oDl.y. Fgr €xaoplc, 1t c4nDot I's€e. th€ brlgbtD6sB dlfl€reDc€ bctv€eu ebltc ald brlght blue, or betv€on yellot aDd red. color fllterlDB aj.ltl 7162 bae elth€r Do efleet, or the cffect ol ND tlltratloD. If a blco! Eask 16 raDt€dr ba8ed on color dlfterenc€8, o l ther I. Flrat prlEt tbe orlSllsl oDto pancltt'oEEtlc coDtlDuou6 tene tlIE (7276, 7215, .lc.) yltb coLor tllters se Ee€d€d to e€parato the colors. TbeE prlnt ir.L. odto 7162. or 1I. Pr1!t tbc or181!a1 onto paDchl9Detlc blcon fll.E (7169) rltb color flltere a8 D€gd€d to !€paratc tbo cglors. If tro colorE er€ dlffcreDt, tb€rc 18 a fllter rhlch 1111 EBk6 thoE r€cg r.'d dltt!t'€ntly op papchtlEatlc llIE. thls 16 slBpl,er rhg! the t'ro colore al.g on fllD tba! rben th€y er'€ lD th€ Estur8.l Yorld, b€cauae l1lD col.oFa eFe spoctrally slEplsF. Io d€clde rhat tllt€r best sqperates tro fllE color8 thlnt ol oach color aB oade of CCY, CCM, ald Ccc. lfh€t€ycr the dlffer€nc. b€tr€6! the tvo color6 le Br€at€st (1n tbs Y' tbe ll, or tbe c) cboo€6 tb€-coBpl€Ee!t8!T lllter (B,O,R, r€epectlvolt) 1D a stFoDg (aon-CC) YerElon. EraEple: Color I 1s e flesh ( CCroY+gg 26yagA l0C ) color 2 1B sky(ccoY+cc6ou+cc8oc ) Tbe gl.€atset dltlsr:€Dco 16 lD tb6 ctaD (c), 8o a F9d tlltar sucb ao UratteD #29 lE usod to acp4rate th16 ll€8b and 8kt. N.RetlYe T--iiiEliop 6 Elluto3 1D D-ll O?oo rlth coDtlDuous agltatloD' 2. Rlnsc Jo sccoade la stopbetb or let.r. ,. Flr li ElDutes. (ii--;i6s'o;i;. Rllse t ElEutr lD HJrpo qlcartne lg'Dt') 'ii' rlii'e-iii']t"a-in-r'nnaioe rater Iionger lor-Pr'alencr)' t':"' r t1 OPTICAL PRINIE.D RELEASE PRINTS RITUAL AND IRT lD lodif16d D-lt (addtqS 2a 8od1uE ltrlocJraDate p€r llter) e?oo rtth contlnuoua eE l tat 1oD. Yater oDly. R-9 or "f,odek Bl,eacb'r. CB-l (Eolutlo! of 906 Eodlu! gulflte F€r Ilter ot rst€r). 5. RlDse 2 ElEuteE 1! rater. DurlDg tbls tlEs flaeb to 118bt: l0 B€conds et l foot fr.gE lo0 ratt lalp, or equlvrlcat crpoBuFo. lb1s lE GrtrcEely appFgrlEetc. fr€ rooEll8bt DaJr bc l€ft oD Dor 5. Devolop , DlDuts6 lD D-lt. 7. Rlnec ,0 eecoDde lD stopbath or Yatcr. 8. Flx tt E lDutes. 9. Hasb 2 ollutoB lD rulllDg rat€r (1oD8€! tgr penereoce), lO. Dry. It rey€ra8l rtsp 5 tbo f11! lools l,1ke carv.d lvory. the xgrk of l1lE art El8ht not tol€rato tbe extra Ben€ra,tloE to e Daater su1tabl6 lor laborstory rel6aBe p11nt1n8. Or 1t Elght r€qulre euch uDuaual relea6e prlnt Eaterlal or treatdent ot the r€leare prlnt Eaterlal thgt a laboratory uon't touch tt. ttsn optlcal prlnt€d r€lee8e prlnts er€ reaaon4ble. Sound Esy bave to be EBBEetlc, on 4 etrlp€ app116d to tbc flnlshed prlDt (pFet€rably ln €dulsloD po B1t ton IIIa). R€vgrBeL T-T-e?61[op 6 E lDut€ 6 2. RlnEe I Euute ln ,. Bl.ach I DlEute ln 4. Cl.ar I ElDute 1n Tro EodluEs EAy allor prgductloD ol exactly the BBE€ range ot obJectB, but by dlffsrent EeaDs. TbeD dlfl€t'€nt obJacts 1111 1D tact be oad€ ln th€ tro EedluEs ald the occeElona] ldcntical obJects 1111, h4eo dlftereDt EeanlDgs' f,nor rhat E€d1uE you are l!l.