Added more sections but still in progress. Committing work without compiling new pdf
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@ -840,3 +840,97 @@ Any way, the two films ehare one exposure adjustment and filtration.
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When films will be physically bipacked they should first be wiped with a lubricating film cleaner.
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When films will be physically bipacked they should first be wiped with a lubricating film cleaner.
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This is good practice for all optical printing when delicate originals receive heavy handling.
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This is good practice for all optical printing when delicate originals receive heavy handling.
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## EXPOSURE COMPENSATION
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For superpositions from random pictorial originals:
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For double exposures, the typical exposure adjustment is one stop of decrease from normal, during each exposure.
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> With this adjustment a double exposure of picture A with picture A ie the same as a single normal exposure of A.
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For bipacks there is no recipe.
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Exposure adjustment is extremely dependent on which tones coincide with
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which.
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The adjustment is an increase from normal.
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In ignorance of the originals (why?) and ignorance of the intentions (why?) guess 2 1/2 stops increase.
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> No exposure adjustment can make a bipack of picture A with picture A the same as picture. A printed the same. But a gamma 1/2 bipack of
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picture A with picture A is the same as picture.
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## SPECIAL ORIGINALS
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For superpositions not from random pictorial originals tones might not combine at all.
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One image might fall on the other's black, or clear, and exposure compensation is different, perhaps unnecessary.
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With special, rigged, originale superposition is not image combination in the earlier sense but image apportionment--implantings and supplantings.
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The rules of tone combination still apply, but trivially, and a simpler logic prevails.
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Double exposing from positives, where one image is black the other image appears, unaffected by the double exposure.
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Where one image is very light it appears, hardly affected by the double exposure.
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Double exposing from negatives, where one image (the picture, not the film) is clear the other image appears, unaffected by the double exposure.
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Bipacking, where one image is any even tone, the other image appears, unaffected except for brightness.
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The clear parts of one film are windows for the other film.
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But it is possible, with enough extra exposure, to force one image through the blackened window of the other.
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The most extreme cases of rigged originals involve high contrast masks, discussed below.
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## TEXTURING
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In a bipack, an image.of a plain white eurface, showing just its texture, imparts this texture to the other image.
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## MULTI-EXPOSURE
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Triple, quadruple, etc. multiple exposures are made similarly to double exposures.
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If there would be 5 exposures from the same or nearly the same original, then each should receive 1/5 normal exposure.
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From Chart C, 1/5 of full shutter equals `ND.70` compensation.
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More likely the originals are special, and the compensation less.
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## MULTI-PACK
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Tripacks, quadripacks, etc. are unmanageable in simple optical printers.
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For such effects intermediate prints must be made.
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For example, to quadripack A,B,C,D make printed bipacks of A with B and C with D and bipack these two prints.
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The order of the originals doesn't matter.
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## NATURAL SUPERPOSITION
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Of the three types only (1), the double exposure from positives, corresponds to possible camera original.
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An original double exposure made from two real scenes is practically the same as a printer double exposure made from positive images of the scenes.
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Type (2), the double exposure from negatives, is an artifact of the "log linear" response of negative films.
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Type (3), the bipack, is an artifact of the transparency of film images, at least one of them.
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Type (1) is nature's super.
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Pressing one eyeball produces such superpositions.
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## FLASHING
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Double exposing an image with no image -- sere light -- lightens
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(or with colored light and color print filma, colors) the blacks
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and darker tones while having little effect on middle tones
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and even lese on lights. It is8 not a true method of contrast
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reduction.
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Sepia toning can be simulated by both color flashing and color
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filtering when printing B&W original onto color reversal print filr
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A healthy yellow, magenta, or cyan flash when printing onto color
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reversal film yields, respectively, the yellow, magenta, or cyan ~
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image, as if this dye layer were prised from the original film.
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There ie no photographic method for unflashing a flashed image.
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There is image addition (double exposure} and image pultipliocation
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(Dipack) and even image division (bipack of positive with
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negative), but no image subtraction.
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CONTRAST ADJUSTMENT Gammas add or subtract in a bipack, so bipacking
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can adjust contrast. A bipack (printed gamma 1 or
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Viewed raw) of an original with its duplicate is
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like a double contrast original. <A bipack of an
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original with its low contrast negative is like
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~ a darkened reduced contrast original.
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“fhe bipack of an original with ite high contrast
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negative is like a Sabattier solarization!
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